Name some of the industrial applications of automated production lines.

Name three reasons for including a storage buffer in an automated production line?

What is a storage buffer as the term is used for an automated production line?

Is a Geneva mechanism used to provide linear motion or rotary motion?

Why are continuous work transport systems uncommon on automated production lines?

What is a dial-indexing machine?

What is a pallet fixture, as the term is used in the context of an automated production line?

What is an automated production line?

Name three of the four conditions under which automated production lines are appropriate.

A machine shop has one $\mathrm{CNC}$ vertical machining center ($VMC$) to produce two parts (A and B) used in the company's main product. The $VMC$ is equipped with an automatic pallet changer ($APC$) and a parts storage system that holds $10$ parts. One thousand units of the product are produced/yr, and one of each part is used in the product. Part $A$ has a machining cycle time of $50 \mathrm{~min}$. Part B has a machining cycle time of $80 \mathrm{~min}$. These cycle times include the operation of the APC. No changeover time is lost between parts. The anticipated scrap rate is zero. The machining center is $95 \%$ reliable. The machine shop operates $250$ days/yr. How many hours must the $CNC$ machining center operate each day to supply parts for the product?

An emergency situation has arisen in the milling department, because the ship carrying a certain quantity of a required part from an overseas supplier sank on Friday evening. A certain number of machines in the department must therefore be dedicated to the production of this part during the next week. A total of $1,000$ of these parts must be produced, and the production cycle time per part $=16.0 \mathrm{~min}$. Each milling machine used for this rush job must first be set up, which takes $5.0 \mathrm{~hr}$. A scrap rate of $2 \%$ can be expected. Assume availability $=100 \%$. (a) If the production week consists of $10$ shifts at $8.0 \mathrm{~hr} / \mathrm{shift}$, how many machines will be required? (b) It so happens that only two milling machines can be spared for this emergency job, due to other priority jobs in the department. To cope with the emergency situation, plant management has authorized a three-shift operation for six days next week. Can the $1,000$ replacement parts be completed within these constraints?

A certain type of machine will be used to produce three products: $A, B$, and $C$. Sales forecasts for these products are $52,000,65,000$, and $70,000$ units/yr, respectively. Production rates for the three products are, respectively, $12, 15$, and $10 / \mathrm{hr}$; and scrap rates are, respectively, $5 \%, 7 \%$, and $9 \%$. The plant will operate $50 \mathrm{~wk} / \mathrm{yr}, 10 \mathrm{~shifts} / \mathrm{wk}$, and $8 \mathrm{~hr} / \mathrm{shift}$. It is anticipated that production machines of this type will be down for repairs on average $10 \%$ of the time. How many machines will be required to meet demand? Assume setup times are negligible.

Future production requirements in a machine shop call for several automatic bar machines to be added to produce three new parts ($A, B$, and $C$). Annual quantities and cycle times for the three parts are given in the given table. below. The machine shop operates one 8-hr shift for $250$ days/yr. The machines are expected to be $95 \%$ reliable, and the scrap rate is $3 \%$. How many automatic bar machines will be required to meet the specified annual demand for the three new parts? Assume setup times are negligible.

A plastic extrusion plant will be built to produce $30$ million meters of plastic extrusions per year. The plant will run three 8-hr shifts per day, $360$ days/yr. For planning purposes, the average run length $=7,500$ meters of extruded plastic. The average changeover time between runs $=3.5 \mathrm{~hr}$, and average extrusion speed $=15 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{min}$. Assume scrap rate $=1 \%$, and average uptime proportion per extrusion machine $=95 \%$ during run time and $100 \%$ during changeover. If each extrusion machine requires a floor area of $2 \mathrm{~m}$ by $25 \mathrm{~m}$, and there is an allowance of $40 \%$ for aisles and office space, what is the total area of the extrusion plant?