Neurologically, what is the function of pruning? a. Pruning creates new connections between synapses through repeated experiences. b. Pruning reduces the negative effects of teratogens by eliminating neural waste. c. Pruning increases the weight of the brain through enriching experiences. d. Pruning creates areas in the brain used in learning mathematics. e. Pruning eliminates unused neural pathways.

What is the primary means by which parents influence the behavior of their children? a. Parenting style. b. Genetic contributions. c. Prenatal environment. d. Teaching cooperation. e. Rewarding achievement.

Walter Mischel's famous "marshmallow test" found that a. adolescents are unable to control most impulses. b. adults who can delay gratification often have lower paying jobs. c. children who can delay gratification are often successful as adults. d. children who can delay gratification often do not flourish as adults. e. adolescents who can delay gratification tend to be at the preconventional level of morality.

What development in adolescents allows for greater impulse control? a. The hormonal surge of early adolescence. b. Hindbrain changes associated with the onset of puberty. c. Frontal lobe maturation in late adolescence d. Limbic system development in mid-adolescence.e. A decrease in myelin production throughout adolescence.

Compare and contrast the influence parents and peers have on a child's development, giving one example for each.

Which of the following would be considered an example of Erickson's concept of integrity? a. A 25-year-old meets and marries the love of his life. b. A 35-year-old earns a lot of money though she doesn't particularly enjoy her job. c. An 85-year-old looks back at a life well-lived and feels satisfied. d. A 40-year-old takes pride in her work and how she is raising her children. e. A 20-year-old decides to become a physician.

Give an example of a biological, a psychological, and a social factor that might contribute to gender differences.

Diego likes to play sports and video games, whereas Sara likes to sing. dance, and play "house." This example best: depicts which of the following? a. Gender identity. b. Gender typing. c. Gender schema. d. Social learning theory. e. Gender expression.

Mary Ainsworth's research on attachment suggest that a child is most likely to become "securely attached" when exposed to a. a terry cloth-wrapped "surrogate" mother. b. a caregiver with the right temperament. c. consistent, responsive caregivers. d. an imprinting experience shortly after birth. e. enriched motor development experiences.

Olivia and Jackson plan to get married next year. This significant life event will allow them to achieve Erikson's stage of a. competence. b. generativity. c. intimacy. d. identity. e. integrity.

A child who is genetically female a. has received an X chromosome from her mother and a Y chromosome from her father. b. has received a Y chromosome only from her mother. c.. has received a Y chromosome from her mother and an X chromosome from her father. d. has received two X chromosomes from he r mother and none from her father. e. has received an X chromosome from her father and her mother.

Piaget would argue that as an adolescent, Mildred is better able to understand calculus because she is in the a. sensorimotor stage. b. preoperational stage. c. concrete operational stage. d. formal operational stage. e. accommodation stage.

Which of these is an example of a cross-sectional study? a. The depth perception of infants is measured once a month for six months in a row, starting at age 6 months. b. Researches compare the reaction time of 20 sixth grades. c. The memory of the group of 50-year-olds is measured and compared to a different group of 70-years-olds. d. A psychologist develops a case study of a woman who is 102 by interviewing her twice a week for 12 weeks. e. Researchers compare curiosity ratings of a group of toddlers with that same group's SAT scores 15 year later.

Provide two examples of how children are influenced by their peers.