Nish has received a new bike for his sixth birthday. Explain how each of the following terms can be applied as he learns to ride the bike. • Shaping • Reinforcement • Generalization

Mom is frustrated because 3-year-old Maya has started to spit frequently. She has decided to temporally put away one of May's toys every time she spit. Mom is going to continue to do this until Maya has stooped spitting. • Explain whether Mom 's plan uses reinforce mentor punishment • Explain whether Mom's plan is a positive or negative form of reinforcement or punishment.

Superstitious behavior can be produced by a. careful manipulation of a classical conditioning experiment. b. the accidental timing of rewards. c. possession of a large number of traditionally lucky items. d. cognitive awareness of superstitious behavior in others. e. the change in a reinforcement schedule from ratio to interval.

Rewrite each expression by using fractions. Then draw a Sierpinski triangle and shade the area described. In each case the Stage 0 triangle has area 32 square units. a. $\frac{ 1 }{ 4 } \text{ of } \frac{ 1 }{ 4 } \text{ of } 32$

b. $\frac{ 3 }{ 4 } \text{ of } \frac{ 1 }{ 4 } \text{ of } \frac{ 1 }{ 4 } \text{ of } 32$

c. $\frac{ 1 }{ 2 } \text{ of } \frac{ 1 }{ 2 } \text{ of } \frac{ 1 }{ 4 } \text{ of } 32$

Paola has been classically conditioned to fear a red light because it has been paired with a loud noise. If the light is repeatedly presented without the loud noise she will eventually stop being afraid of the light. In this instance _____ has occurred. a. generalization. b. discrimination. c. spontaneous recovery. d. extinction. e. acquisition.

Carter's romantic friend has worn paid shirts on all their special dates. Now, when seeing a paid shirt Carter automatically feels happy and little exited. Idetify what each of the following terms would be in this example. • Conditioned response (C R) • Conditioned stimulus (CS) • Unconditioned stimulus (US)

What do we call the reappearance, after a rest period, of an extinguished response? a. Acquisition. b. Spontaneous recovery. c. Discrimination. d. Operant conditioning. e. Classical conditioning.

A research paired the sound of a whistle, with a puff of air, to the eye to classically condition Ashley to blink when the whistle alone was sounded. Explain how the researcher could demonstrate the following. • Generalization • Extinction • Spontaneous recovery

Briefly explain how the concepts below could be used to help a child stop throwing temper tantrums. • Extinction (operant conditioning) • Positive reinforcement • Modeling • Negative reinforcement • Shaping • Extinction (classical conditioning)

The reappearance, after a rest period, of an extinguished response is called a. acquisition. b. spontaneous recovery. c. discrimination. d. operant conditioning. e. classical conditioning.

Which of the following is the best advice to give parents whose young children refuse to eat their dinner? a. Do not allow them to watch television for a week for each day they do not eat dinner. b. Give the children a small reward at the end of a week in which they have eaten dinner each night. c. Give the children a small reward each day that they eat their dinner. d. Require that the children do extra chores if they do not finish diner. e. Allow the children to have dessert, even if they do not eat their dinner, in the hopes that they will eat dinner the next day.

Missy studied for several hours before taking her history test, motivated by the goal of achieving a good grade that would get her a scholarship. She failed the test and now refuses to study for other tests. Explain how the following terms relate to this scenario. • Extrinsic motivation • Learned helplessness

According to Freud, slips of the tongue __________.

a. occur when a person is unconscious

b. prove that people are forgetful when unconscious

c. represent a meaningful unconscious thought

d. are the mind's way of expressing conscious desires

A dancer leaping into the air and trying for the maximum possible vertical height will move her arms upward as she is pushing off with her legs, putting her arms in rapid upward motion before she leaves the ground. Explain how this approach can give greater height.