On a separate sheet of paper, answer the questions below. Make sure you read carefully and answer all parts of the questions. Where do historians stand on how the Crusades affected European civilization? Explain the possible reasons why.

Explain how hydroelectric power plants use moving water to produce electricity.

On a separate sheet of paper, answer the questions below. Make sure you read carefully and answer all parts of the questions. How did Jesus's teachings influence Western civilization?

a. What issues led to the Crusades?

b.* What long-term importance did the Crusades have for Europe?

How did the Crusades change the history of Europe? Give reasons for your answer.

(a) Define What were the Crusades?

(b) Analyze Cause and Effect What were the long-range effects of the Crusades?

(c) Draw Conclusions Do you think the Crusades were a failure or a success? Explain.

What were the effects of the Crusades?

What were the effects of the Crusades?

Fill the blank with the term that correctly complete the sentence. A test has ______ if it measures what it is supposed to measure.

Use the complement to find the probability. There are 4 queens in a standard deck of 52 cards. You pick one card at random. What is the probability of not picking a queen?

Do each calculation, paying careful attention to the order of operations. Check your results by entering the expression into your calculator exactly as it is shown.

$$\begin{align*} &\text{a. } 4 \cdot 3 - 5^2 + 7 &&\text{b. } -3^4 + 2^3 \cdot 5 - (4 - 7) \\ &\text{c. } (12 - 5)^2 - (4 \cdot -3 + 7) &&\text{d. } -7^2 - 4 \cdot -2 + 3(-5) \end{align*}$$

Did people experience more hardships under the czars or under Communist rule? Explain.

Use Gauss-Jordan elimination to find the complete solution of the system.

$$\left\{ \begin{array} { r r r } { x + 3 y - z } & { = } & { 0 } \\ { 3 x + 4 y - 2 z } & { = } & { - 1 } \\ { - x + 2 y } & { = } & { 1 } \end{array} \right.$$

The reaction of $NH_3$ and $O_2$ forms NO and water. The NO can be used to convert $P_4$ to $P_4O_6$, forming $N_2$ in the process. The $P_4O_6$ can be treated with water to form $H_3PO_3$, which forms $PH_3$ and $H_3PO_4$ when heated. Find the mass of $PH_3$ that forms from the reaction of 1.00 g of $NH_3$