Perform each of the following steps.

a. State the hypotheses and identify the claim. b. Find the critical value(s). c. Find the test value. d. Make the decision. e. Summarize the results.

Use the traditional method of hypothesis testing unless otherwise specified.

A survey of 800 randomly selected recent degree recipients found that 155 received associate degrees; 450, bachelor degrees; 20, first professional degrees; 160, master degrees; and 15, doctorates. Is there sufficient evidence to conclude that at least one of the proportions differs from a report which stated that $23.3 \%$ were associate degrees; $51.1 \%$, bachelor degrees; $3 \%$, first professional degrees; $20.6 \%$, master degrees; and $2 \%$, doctorates? Use $\alpha=0.05$

Assume that all variables are normally or approximately normally distributed.
Use the traditional method of hypothesis testing unless the $\mathrm{P}$-value method is specified by your instructor. Assume the variances are unequal.
Hours Spent Watching Television According to Nielsen Media Research, children (ages $2-11$) spend an average of $21$ hours $30$ minutes watching television per week while teens (ages $12-17$) spend an average of $20$ hours $40$ minutes. Based on the sample statistics shown, is there sufficient evidence to conclude a difference in average television watching times between the two groups? Use $\alpha=0.01$.

$$\begin{array}{lll} & \text { Children } & \text { Teens } \\ \hline \text { Sample mean } & 22.45 & 18.50 \\ \text { Sample variance } & 16.4 & 18.2 \\ \text { Sample size } & 15 & 15 \end{array}$$

c. Compute the test value.

Adults aged 16 or older were assessed in three types of literacy: prose, document, and quantitative. The scores in document literacy were the same for 19- to 24-year-olds and for 40- to 49-year-olds. A random sample of scores from a later year showed the following statistics.

Perform each of the following steps.

a. State the hypotheses and identify the claim. b. Find the critical value(s). c. Find the test value. d. Make the decision. e. Summarize the results.

Use the traditional method of hypothesis testing unless otherwise specified. An obstacle course was set up on campus, and 8 randomly selected volunteers were given a chance to complete it while they were being timed. They then sampled a new energy drink and were given the opportunity to run the course again. The "before" and "after" times in seconds are shown. Is there sufficient evidence at $\alpha=0.05$ to conclude that the students did better the second time? Discuss possible reasons for your results.

Perform each of the following steps.

a. State the hypotheses and identify the claim. b. Find the critical value(s). c. Compute the test value. d. Make the decision. e. Summarize the results.

Use the traditional method of hypothesis testing unless otherwise specified.

An obstacle course was set up on campus, and 10 volunteers were given a chance to complete it while they were being timed. They then sampled a new energy drink and were given the opportunity to run the course again. The "before" and "after" times in seconds are shown below. Is there sufficient evidence at $\alpha=0.05$ to conclude that the students did better the second time? Discuss possible reasons for your results.

A survey taken several years ago found that the average time a person spent reading the local daily newspaper was 10.8 minutes. The standard deviation of the population was 3 minutes. To see whether the average time had changed since the newspaper's format was revised, the newspaper editor surveyed 36 individuals. The average time that the 36 people spent reading the paper was 12.2 minutes. At $\alpha=0.02$, is there a change in the average time an individual spends reading the newspaper? Find the 98% confidence interval of the mean. Do the results agree? Explain.

Find $(a)$ the mean, $(b)$ the median, $(c)$ the mode, and $(d)$ the midrange.

The expenditures per pupil for selected states are listed below. Based on these data, what do you think of the claim that the average expenditure per pupil in the United States exceeds $\$ 10,000$?

$$\begin{array}{rrrrr}6,300 & 11,847 & 8,319 & 9,344 & 9,870 \\ 10,460 & 7,491 & 7,552 & 12,568 & 8,632 \\ 7,552 & 12,568 & 8,632 & 11,057 & 10,454 \\ 8,109 & & & & \end{array}$$

Execute these steps.

a. State the hypotheses and identify the claim. b. Find the critical value(s). c. Compute the test value. d. Make the decision. e. Summarize the results.

Employ the traditional method of hypothesis testing unless otherwise specified.

A survey found that $83 \%$ of the men questioned preferred computer-assisted instruction to lecture and $75 \%$ of the women preferred computer-assisted instruction to lecture. There were 100 randomly selected individuals in each sample. At $\alpha=0.05$, test the claim that there is no difference in the proportion of men and the proportion of women who favor computer-assisted instruction over lecture. Find the $95 \%$ confidence interval for the difference between the two proportions.

The average family size was reported as 3.18 . A random sample of families in a particular school district resulted in the following family sizes:

$$\begin{array}{lllllllllll}5 & 4 & 5 & 4 & 4 & 3 & 6 & 4 & 3 & 3 & 5 \\ 6 & 3 & 3 & 2 & 7 & 4 & 5 & 2 & 2 & 2 & 3\\ 5 & 2\end{array}$$

At $\alpha=0.05$, does the average family size differ from the national average?

The expenditures in dollars per pupil for randomly selected states in three sections of the country are listed below. At $\alpha=0.05$, can it be concluded that there is a difference in spending between regions?

Use the Kruskal-Wallis test and perform these steps.

a. State the hypotheses and identify the claim. b. Find the critical value. c. Compute the test value. d. Make the decision. e. Summarize the results.

Use the traditional method of hypothesis testing unless otherwise specified.

Solve the problem.

If 4 of the loan officers are women and 6 are men, in how many ways can 2 women and 2 men be selected to work on a special project?

Perform these steps.
Employee Absences A store manager wishes to see if the number of absences of her employees is the same for each weekday. She selected a random week and finds the following number of absences.

$$\begin{array}{ccccccc} \text { White } & \text { Black } & \text { Silver } & \text { Red } & \text { Gray } & \text { Blue } & \text { Other } \\ \hline 45 & 32 & 30 & 30 & 22 & 15 & 6 \end{array}$$

a. State the hypotheses and identify the claim.

Perform these steps.
Employee Absences A store manager wishes to see if the number of absences of her employees is the same for each weekday. She selected a random week and finds the following number of absences.

$$\begin{array}{ccccccc} \text { White } & \text { Black } & \text { Silver } & \text { Red } & \text { Gray } & \text { Blue } & \text { Other } \\ \hline 45 & 32 & 30 & 30 & 22 & 15 & 6 \end{array}$$

$b$. Find the critical value or use the $P$-value method

Perform these steps.
Employee Absences A store manager wishes to see if the number of absences of her employees is the same for each weekday. She selected a random week and finds the following number of absences.

$$\begin{array}{ccccccc} \text { White } & \text { Black } & \text { Silver } & \text { Red } & \text { Gray } & \text { Blue } & \text { Other } \\ \hline 45 & 32 & 30 & 30 & 22 & 15 & 6 \end{array}$$

d. Make the decision.