Post-translational modifications of proteins can affect which of the following? a. protein function, b. transcriptional regulation, c. chromatin modification, d. all of the above.

Binding of an RNA binding protein will ________ the stability of the RNA molecule. a. increaseb. decrease, c. neither increase nor decrease, d. either increase or decrease.

Targeted therapies are used in patients with a set gene expression pattern. A targeted therapy that prevents the activation of the estrogen receptor in breast cancer would be beneficial to which type of patient? a. patients who express the EGFR receptor in normal cells, b. patients with a mutation that inactivates the estrogen receptor, c. patients with lots of the estrogen receptor expressed in their tumor, d. patients that have no estrogen receptor expressed in their tumor.

Post-translational modifications of proteins can affect which of the following?

What will result from the binding of a transcription factor to an enhancer region?

A. decreased transcription of an adjacent gene.

B. increased transcription of a distant gene.

C. alteration of the translation of an adjacent gene.

D. initiation of the recruitment of RNA polymerase.

Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus. Therefore, the genes in prokaryotic cells are: a. all expressed, all of the time, b. transcribed and translated almost simultaneously, c. transcriptionally controlled because translation begins before transcription ends, d. b and c are both true.

What are epigenetic modifications? a. the addition of reversible changes to histone proteins and DNA, b. the removal of nucleosomes from the DNA, c. the addition of more nucleosomes to the DNA, d. mutation of the DNA sequence.

Alternative splicing has been estimated to occur in more than 95% of multi-exon genes. Which of the following is not an evolutionary advantage of alternative splicing?

a. Alternative splicing increases diversity without increasing genome size.

b. Different gene isoforms can be expressed in different tissues.

c. Alternative splicing creates shorter mRNA transcripts.

d. Different gene isoforms can be expressed during different stages of development.

The binding of ________ is required fortranscription to start. a. a protein, b. DNA polymerase, c. RNA polymerase, d. a transcription factor.

Which of the following are true of epigenetic changes? a. allow DNA to be transcribed, b. move histones to open or close a chromosomal region, c. are temporary, d. all of the above.

Cancer causing genes are called ________. a. transformation genes, b. tumor suppressor genes, c. oncogenes, d. mutated genes.

Describe the events that happen during interphase.

The study of nutrient cycling though the environment is an example of which of the following? a. organismal ecology, b. population ecology, c. community ecology, d. ecosystem ecology.

Understory plants in a temperate forest have adaptations to capture limited ________. a. water, b. nutrients, c. heat, d. sunlight.