Question

Predict whether the following reactions would occur spontaneously in aqueous solution at 25C25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}. Assume that the initial concentrations of dissolved species are all 1.0 M. (a) Ca(s)+Cd2+(aq)Ca2+(aq)+Cd(s)\mathrm{Ca}(s)+\mathrm{Cd}^{2+}(a q) \longrightarrow \mathrm{Ca}^{2+}(a q)+\mathrm{Cd}(s) (b) 2Br(aq)+Sn2+(aq)Br2(l)+Sn(s)2 \mathrm{Br}^{-}(a q)+\mathrm{Sn}^{2+}(a q) \longrightarrow \mathrm{Br}_2(l)+\mathrm{Sn}(s) (c) 2Ag(s)+Ni2+(aq)2Ag+(aq)+Ni(s)2 \mathrm{Ag}(s)+\mathrm{Ni}^{2+}(a q) \longrightarrow 2 \mathrm{Ag}^{+}(a q)+\mathrm{Ni}(s) (d) Cu+(aq)+Fe3+(aq)Cu2+(aq)+Fe2+(aq)\mathrm{Cu}^{+}(a q)+\mathrm{Fe}^{3+}(a q) \longrightarrow\mathrm{Cu}^{2+}(a q)+\mathrm{Fe}^{2+}(a q)

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We need to identify which of the given reactions are spontaneous.

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