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Question

Show that postage of 6 cents or more can be achieved by using only 2-cent and 7-cent stamps.

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To proof: A postage of at least 6 cents can be obtained by using only 2-cent and 7-cent stamps.

PROOF BY STRONG INDUCTION\textbf{PROOF BY STRONG INDUCTION}

Let P(n)P(n) be the statement "A postage of nn cents can be obtained by using only 2-cent and 7-cent stamps".

Basis step\textbf{Basis step} n=6n=6

We obtain a 6 cent postage by using three 2-cent stamps.

23=62\cdot 3=6

We obtain a 7 cent postage by using one 7-cent stamps.

Thus P(6)P(6) and P(7)P(7) are true.

Inductive step\textbf{Inductive step} Let P(6),P(7),P(8),....,P(k)P(6),P(7),P(8),....,P(k) be true while k7k\geq 7.

A postage of i cents can be obtained from 2-cent and 7-cent stamps for i=6,7,...,k\begin{matrix}\text{A postage of $i$ cents can be obtained}\\ \text{ from 2-cent and 7-cent stamps for }i=6,7,...,k\end{matrix}

We need to proof that P(k+1)P(k+1) is true.

Since k7k\geq 7, we also know k+18k+1\geq 8.

If we then use one 2-cent stamp, then we still require a postage of k16k-1\geq 6 cents.

Since P(k1)P(k-1) is true, k1k-1 cents can be obtained from 2-cent and 7-cent stamps and thus k+1k+1 can be obtained from 2-cent and 7-cent stamps (by using one additional 2-cent stamp).

Thus P(k+1)P(k+1) is true.

Conclusion\textbf{Conclusion} By the principle of strong induction, P(n)P(n) is true for all natural numbers nn.

\square

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