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Sodium chlorate crystals are easy to grow in the shape of cubes by allowing a solution of water and sodium chlorate to evaporate slowly. If V is the volume of such a cube with side length x, calculate dV/dx when x = 3 mm and explain its meaning.

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V=x3V = x^3 so dVdx=3x2\dfrac{dV}{dx} = 3x^2

We have, at x=3x= 3 mm (dVdx)x=3=332=27(\dfrac{dV}{dx})_{x=3} = 3 \cdot 3^2 = 27 square mm.

dV/dxdV/dx measures the change in volume for a unit change in the length, and this value is dependent on the instantaneous value of the length.

At x=3x=3, this rate measures that the volume would increase by 27 mm cubed if the length changed by 1 mm, when the length was already 3 mm.

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