Students are accustomed to a bell ringing to indicate the end of a class period. The principal decides to substitute popular music for the bell to indicate the end of each class period. Students quickly respond to the music in the same way they did to the bell In this example, the music is a(n) a. conditioned response. b. conditioned stimulus. c. unconditioned response. d. unconditioned stimulus. e. habituated response.

In classical conditioning, the conditioned stimulus a. naturally triggers a response. b. is a naturally occurring response. c. is initially neutral, and then comes to trigger a response. d. prompts spontaneous recovery. e. is a reward offered for completing a behavior.

In classical conditioning. a person learns to anticipate events by a. associating a response with its consequence. b. avoiding spontaneous recovery. c. using operant behaviors. d. associating two stimuli. e. employing cognitive learning.

Students in a school are accustomed to moving to the next class when music plays. After a period of time, the principal replaces the music with a bell to signal the end of class. If one day he plays the music by mistake and the students leave class, which of the following is being shown?

a. Acquisition

b. Generalization

c. Habituation

d. Spontaneous recovery

e. Operant conditioning

What do we call the kind of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer? a. Operant conditioning. b. Respondent behavior. c. Classical conditioning. d. Shaping. e. Punishment.

Which of the following is the best example of learning? a. A dog salivates when food is placed in its mouth. b. A honeybee stings when the hive is threatened. c. A child cries when his brother hits him. d. A child feels ill after drinking sour milk. e. A child flinches when he sees lightning because he is afraid of thunder.

A family uses the microwave to prepare their cat's food. The cat comes running into the room when the microwave timer sounds, but not when it hears the oven timer. The cat is demonstrating the concept of a. generalization. b. discrimination. c. spontaneous recovery. d. extinction. e. habituation.

Which of the following is the best example of learning?

a. A dog salivates when food is placed in its mouth.

b. A honeybee stings when the hive is threatened.

c. A child cries when his brother hits him.

d. A child feels ill after drinking sour milk.

e. A child flinches when he sees lightning because he is afraid of thunder.

A woman had been pondering a problem for days and was about to give up when, suddenly, the solution came to her. Her experience can be best described as what? a. Cognitive mapping b. Insight c. Operant conditioning d. Classical conditioning e. Unconscious associative learning

A dog that always salivates at the ringing of a bell is exhibiting

A insight learning.

B operant conditioning.

C classical conditioning.

D habituation.

All of the following are examples of primary reinforces except a: a. rat's food reward in a Skinner box. b. cold drink on a hot day. c. high score on an exam for which a student studied diligently. d. hug form a loved one. e. large meal following an extended time without food.

Use the Civics Skill taught to answer the questions. Examine the flow chart on the Civics Skills page. Use the information there to answer the following questions: a. How many different ways are there to amend the Constitution? Draw a flowchart that shows each one. b. What information, if any, does the flowchart give you about either the length of time an amendment process takes or which process is the easiest? Explain your answer.

Which of the following best describes a discriminative stimulus? a. Something that elicits a response after association with a reinforcer. b. An innately reinforcing stimulus. c. Something that when removed increases the likelihood of the behavior. d. An event that decreases the behavior it follows. e. An amplified stimulus feeding back information to responses.

Thorndike's principle that behaviors followed by favorable consequences become more likely to be repeated is known as what? a. Law of effect. b. Operant conditioning. c. Shaping. d. Respondent behavior. e. Discrimination.