Suggest why $\mathrm{Be}^{2+}$ has a higher affinity for $\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}$ molecules than $\mathrm{Mg}^{2+}$.

Steam flows steadily through an adiabatic turbine. The inlet conditions of the stcam are $6 \mathrm{~MPa}, 400^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$, and $80 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}$, and the exit conditions are $40 \mathrm{~kPa}, 92$ percent quality, and $50 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}$. The mass flow rate of the stcam is $20 \mathrm{~kg} / \mathrm{s}$. Find $(a)$ the change in kinetic energy, $(b)$ the power output, and $(c)$ the turbine inlet aread.

Why might you expect a small dose of puromycin to be less effective in repressing bacterial growth than an equivalent number of molecules of erythromycin?

A gas is at $0^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$. If we wish to double the rms speed of its molecules, to what temperature must the gas be brought?

Read each question. Eliminate any unreasonable answers. Then use the information in the question to solve. The table shows the surface areas, in square kilometers, of the oceans.

$$\begin{matrix} \text{Ocean} & Area (km^2)\\ \text{Pacific} & \text{156,000,000}\\ \text{Atlantic} & \text{77,000,000}\\ \text{Indian} & \text{69,000,000}\\ \text{Southern} & \text{20,000,000}\\ \text{Arctic} & \text{14,000,000}\\ \end{matrix}$$

Which of the following represents the area of the Arctic Ocean in scientific notation? A. $0.14 \times 10^{8}$ B. $1.4 \times 10^{7}$ C. $1.4 \times 10^{8}$ D. $14 \times 10^{6}$

Although we write the formula of sodium chloride as $\mathrm{NaCl}$, we realize that $\mathrm{NaCl}$ is an ionic compound and contains no molecules. Explain.

Imagine that two people, Player A and Player B, were to play rock-paper-scissors 12 times. a. How many times would you expect Player A to win? Player B to win? b. Now play rock-paper-scissors 12 times with a partner. Record how many times each player wins and how many times the game results in a tie. c. How does the experimental probability for the 12 games that you played compare to the theoretical probability that each of you will win? Do you expect them to be the same or different? Why?

One hundred twenty randomly selected students at Roosevelt High School were asked to name their favorite sport. The results are shown in the table. Find the experimental probability that a student selected at random makes the given response.

$$\begin{matrix} \text{Favorite Sport Survey} & \text{ }\\ \text{Sport} & \text{ Number of Responses}\\ \text{Basketball} & \text{30}\\ \text{Baseball} & \text{22}\\ \text{Football} & \text{34}\\ \text{Soccer} & \text{20}\\ \text{Other} & \text{14}\\ \end{matrix}$$

P(soccer)

The table lists the approximate surface-water salinity at various latitudes in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Using the data, construct a salinity curve for each ocean on a graph. Then answer the following question.

$$\begin{matrix} \text{Latitude} & \text{Atlantic Ocean} & \text{Pacific Ocean}\\ \text{}{60^{\circ} \mathrm{N}} & \text{33.0} & \text{31.0}\\ \text{}{50^{\circ} \mathrm{N}} & \text{33.7} & \text{32.5}\\ \text{}{40^{\circ} \mathrm{N}} & \text{34.8} & \text{33.2}\\ \text{}{30^{\circ} \mathrm{N}} & \text{36.7} & \text{34.2}\\ \text{}{20^{\circ} \mathrm{N}} & \text{36.8} & \text{34.2}\\ \text{}{10^{\circ} \mathrm{N}} & \text{36.0} & \text{34.4}\\ \text{}{0^{\circ} \mathrm{N}} & \text{35.0} & \text{34.3}\\ \text{}{10^{\circ} \mathrm{N}} & \text{35.9} & \text{35.2}\\ \text{}{20^{\circ} \mathrm{N}} & \text{36.7} & \text{35.6}\\ \text{}{30^{\circ} \mathrm{N}} & \text{36.2} & \text{35.7}\\ \text{}{40^{\circ} \mathrm{N}} & \text{35.3} & \text{35.0}\\ \text{}{50^{\circ} \mathrm{N}} & \text{34.3} & \text{34.4}\\ \text{}{60^{\circ} \mathrm{N}} & \text{33.9} & \text{34.0}\\ \end{matrix}$$

Which latitudes in the Atlantic Ocean have the highest surface salinities?

What happ ens to water molecules when water is heated from $90^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ to $110^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$?

Which of the following molecules is (are) not polar? For each polar molecule, indicate the direction of polarity-that is, which is the negative end and which is the positive end.\

$$CO$$

On the said page of Physics: Calculus by Eugene Hecht (Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole, 1996), in the course of deriving the formula $T=2 \pi \sqrt{L / g}$ for the period of a pendulum of length L, the author obtains the equation $a_T=-g \sin \theta$ for the tangential acceleration of the bob of the pendulum. He then says, "for small angles, the value of $\theta$ in radians is very nearly the value of $\sin \theta$; they differ by less than 2% out to about 20 degrees."

Use a graphing device to determine the values of x for which sin x and x differ by less than 2%. Then verify Hecht's statement by converting from radians to degrees.

(II) The lowest pressure attainable using the best available vacuum techniques is about $10^{-12} \mathrm{~N} / \mathrm{m}^2$. At such a pressure, how many molecules are there per $\mathrm{cm}^3$ at $0^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ ?

Consider an underdamped series $R L C$ circuitwith $R=0.75 \Omega, L=25 \mu \mathrm{H}$, and $C=100 \mathrm{nF}$. What is the value of the quality factor $\mathcal{Q}$ for this circuit? If the capacitor has an initial charge $Q_{\max }$, how many oscillations will occur before the charge amplitude is reduced to $(1 / e) \times Q_{\max } \approx 0.37 Q_{\max }$ ?