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Suppose a fixed distance separates the centers of two circular loops. What relative orientation of the loops will give the maximum mutual inductance? What orientation will give the minimum mutual inductance?

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We claim that there is maximum mutual inductance when the loops are parallel to each other. To see why, refer to the figure. When the loops are parallel, then the magnetic field of one loop is parallel to the plane of the other loop. The change in flux can only be parallel to the plane of the the other loop in this case, maximizing the magnitude of the induced emf. This means that the mutual inductance MM is at maximum.

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