The angular resolution of a telescope is commonly measured in terms of the smallest angular separation $\theta_{\text {min }}$ between two objects that the telescope can resolve. If the diameter of the telescope aperture is increased, does $\theta_{\min }\mathrm{}$:

(a) get smaller

(b) get larger

(c) stay the same

How does a double-slit interference pattern change when the following changes are made? Do the interference fringes become closer together or farther apart? Explain your answers.

(a) The two slits are brought closer together.

(b) The two slits are moved farther apart.

(c) The wavelength is increased.

(d) The wavelength is decreased.

(e) The entire experiment is immersed in water

Waves from a radio station have a wavelength of $250 \mathrm{~m}$. These waves can travel directly from the antenna to a receiver or can reflect from a nearby mountain cliff and then reach the receiver (shown in the given figure). If the distance from the receiver to the cliff is $L=1000 \mathrm{~m}$, is there constructive or destructive interference at the receiver? Assume there is no phase change when the radio wave reflects from the cliff.

To make transistors and other circuit elements that are very small, modern integrated circuits (like those used in a computer) are produced using very high resolution optical patterning. The process uses a very expensive lens to produce the pattern. If the smallest circuit feature size is $200 \mathrm{~nm}$, what does the Rayleigh criterion predict for the approximate wavelength of the light used to make the pattern? How does that compare with the wavelength of blue light?

Optometrists quantify the resolution of a patient's vision using a concept called visual acuity, which is calculated as the inverse of the angular resolution of the eye measured in arc minutes (where 60 arc minutes $=1^{\circ}$ ) under standard illumination (i.e., in a normal room). The visual acuity of a typical person with normal eyesight is $1.0$ in these units.

(a) What is the visual acuity of a person who can just barely resolve two tiny objects separated by $1.0 \mathrm{~mm}$ at a distance of $35 \mathrm{~cm}$ ? (These objects might be two small features on a printed page.)

(b) Is this person's visual acuity better or worse than the normal value mentioned above?