The annual sales (in billions of dollars) of global positioning system (GPS) equipment from the year 2000 through 2006 follow. (Sales for 2004–2006 were projections.) Here x=0 corresponds to 2000.

$$\begin{array}{lccccccc} \hline \text { Annual Sales, } y & 7.9 & 9.6 & 11.5 & 13.3 & 15.2 & 17 & 18.8 \\ \hline \text { Year, } x & 0 & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 & 6 \\ \hline \end{array}$$

Draw a straight line L through the points corresponding to 2000 and 2006.

The Bureau of Labor Statistics reports a $6.0 \%$ unemployment rate for Americans whose maximum attained a level of education is a high school diploma. Is the unemployment rate significantly different for Americans who have earned their bachelor's degrees? Suppose we have a random sample of 500 Americans whose maximum attained a level of education is a bachelor's degree and found 18 who are unemployed. Use these sample results to conduct a hypothesis test to determine whether the unemployment rate for Americans whose maximum attained a level of education is a bachelor's degree differs significantly from the unemployment rate for Americans whose maximum attained level of education is a high school diploma.

c. Using $\alpha=.10$, what is your conclusion?

Carbon dioxide $\left(\mathrm{CO}_2\right)$ is the gas that is mainly responsible for global warming (the greenhouse effect). The burning of fossil fuels is a major cause of the increased concentration of $\mathrm{CO}_2$ in the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is also the end product of metabolism. Using glucose as an example of food, calculate the annual human production of $\mathrm{CO}_2$ in grams, assuming that each person consumes $5.0 \times 10^2 \mathrm{~g}$ of glucose per day. The world's population is $6.5$ billion, and there are $365$ days in a year.

presents a partial balance sheet for Hargon, Inc., a creator and manufacturer of biotechnology pharmaceutical products, for December 31, 2012 and 2013.

$$\begin{array}{l} \textbf{Partial Balance Sheet for Hargon, Inc.}\\ \textbf{(all dollar amounts in millions)}\\ \textbf{(Problem 10.34)}\\ \end{array}$$

$$\begin{array}{lcc} &\textbf{December 31,}&\textbf{December 31,}\\ &\textbf{2013}&\textbf{2012}\\ \hline \text{Current Assets}&\underline{\ 11,712}&\underline{\$ 9,235}\\ \text{Land}&398&294\\ \text{Buildings and Improvements}&2,776&2,485\\ \text{Equipment}&4,243&3,584\\ \text{Construction in Progress}&\underline{1,271}&\underline{958}\\ \quad\text{Total Land, Buildings, and Equipment}&8,688&7,321\\ \text{Less Accumulated Depreciation}&\underline{((2,767))}&\underline{((2,283))}\\ \quad\text{Total Land, Buildings, and Equipment—Net}&\underline{35,921,014}&\underline{5,038}\\ \text{Intangibles Subject to Amortization:}&&\\ \quad\text{Developed Product Technology}&2,877&3,077\\ \quad\text{Core Technology}&1,348&1,348\\ \quad\text{Trade Name}&190&190\\ \quad\text{Acquired Technology Rights}&350&—\\ \quad\text{Other Intangible Assets}&\underline{454}&\underline{335}\\ \text{Total Intangibles Subject to Amortization}&5,219&4,950\\ \text{Less Accumulated Amortization}&&\\ \quad\text{Total Intangibles Subject to Amortization—Net}&\underline{3,747}&\underline{3,742}\\ \text{Goodwill}&\underline{11,302}&\underline{10,495}\\ \text{Other Assets}&\underline{1,06}&\underline{787}\\ \quad\text{Total Assets}&\underline{\$33,788}&\underline{\$29,287}\\ \hline \hline \end{array}$$

e. Hargon uses the straight-line amortization method and recognized $370 million of amortization for 2013 . Compute the average total life and average age of Hargon's intangibles subject to amortization for 2013.

A meteorologist preparing a talk about global warming compiled a list of weekly low temperatures (in degrees Fahrenheit) he observed at his southern Florida home last year. The coldest temperature for any week was $36^{\circ} \mathrm{F}$, but he inadvertently recorded the Celsius value of $2^{\circ}$. Assuming that he correctly listed all the other temperatures, explain how this error will affect these summary statistics: a) Measures of center: mean and median. b) Measures of spread: range, IQR, and standard deviation.

Find the indicated probabilities using the geometric distribution, the Poisson distribution, or the binomial distribution. Then determine the events are unusual. If convenient, use a table or technology to find the probabilities. A major hurricane is a hurricane with wind speeds of 111 miles per hour or greater. During the 20th century, the mean number of major hurricanes to strike the U.S. mainland per year was about 0.6. Find the probability that the number of major hurricanes striking the U.S. mainland in any given year is (a) exactly one, (b) at most one, and (c) more than one.

What is the key concept for this section? Describe four ways to manage forests more sustainably. What is certified sustainably grown timber? What are four ways to reduce the harm caused by forest fires to forests and to people? What is a prescribed fire? What are three ways to reduce the need to harvest trees? Describe the global fuelwood crisis. What are five ways to protect tropical forests and use them more sustainably? Describe the efforts by Wangari Maathai and the Green Belt Movement to restore forests.

Find the indicated probabilities using the geometric distribution, the Poisson distribution, or the binomial distribution. Then determine whether the events are unusual. If convenient, use a table or technology to find the probabilities. A cereal maker places a game piece in each of its cereal boxes. The probability of winning a prize in the game is 1 in 4. Find the probability that you (a) win your first prize with your fourth purchase, (b) win your first prize with your first, second, or third purchase, and (c) do not win a prize with your first four purchases.

Every 17 years, swarms of cicadas emerge from the ground in the eastern United States, live for about six weeks, and then die. There are so many cicadas that their dead bodies can serve as fertilizer. In an experiment, a researcher added cicadas under some plants in a natural plot of bellflowers on the forest floor, leaving other plants undisturbed. "In this experiment, cicada-supplemented bellflowers from a natural field population produced foliage with 12% greater nitrogen content relative to controls (P = 0.031)." 13 A colleague who knows no statistics says that an increase of 12% isn't a lot-maybe it's just an accident due to natural variation among the plants. Explain in simple language how "P = 0.031" answers this objection.

A study of the survival times, in days, of skin grafts on burn patients was examined in Woolson and Lachenbruch [Biometrika (1980) 67:597– 606]. Two of the patients left the study prior to the failure of their grafts. The survival time for these individuals is some number greater than the reported value. Survival time (days): 37, 19, 57*, 93, 16, 22, 20, 18, 63, 29, 60* (The “*’’ indicates that the patient left the study prior to failure of the graft; values given are for the day the patient left the study.) a. Calculate the measures of center (if possible) for the 11 patients. b. If the survival times of the two patients who left the study were obtained, how would these new values change the values of the summary statistics calculated in (a)?

You work for a large global management consulting company. Of the entire workforce of analysts, $55 \%$ have had no experience in the telecommunications industry, $32 \%$ have had limited experience (less than 5 years), and the rest have had extensive experience (5 years or more). On a new project, you and two other analysts were selected at random to constitute a team. It turns out that part of the project involves telecommunications. What is the possibility that the first teammate you meet has:

b) Some telecommunications experience?

Color and clarity of diamonds. Diamonds are categorized according to the "four C's": carats, clarity, color, and cut. Each diamond stone that is sold on the open market is provided a certificate by an independent diamond assessor that lists these characteristics. Data for 308 diamonds were extracted from Singapore's Business Times (Journal of Statistics Education, Vol. 9, No. 1, 2001). Color is classified as $\mathrm{D}, \mathrm{E}, \mathrm{F}, \mathrm{G}, \mathrm{H}$, or I, while clarity is classified as IF, VVS1, VVS2, VS1, or VS2. In addition to color and clarity, the independent certification group (GIA, HRD, or IGI), the number of carats and the asking price were recorded. Find and interpret the mean of the data set.

Juicy Energy Industries develops and produces bio mass, an alternative energy source. The company has an outstanding $10,000,000, 30-year, 10% bond issue dated July 1, 2007. The bond issue is due June 30, 2037. Some bond indentures require the corporation issuing the bonds to transfer cash to a special cash fund, called a sinking fund, over the life of the bond. Such funds help assure investors that there will be adequate cash to pay the bonds at their maturity date. The bond indenture requires a bond sinking fund, which has a balance of$1,200,000 as of July 1, 2012. The company is currently experiencing a shortage of funds due to a recent acquisition. Dillip Fogel, the company’s treasurer, is considering using the funds from the bond sinking fund to cover payroll and other bills that are coming due at the end of the month. Dillip’s brother-in-law is a trustee in a sinking fund, who has indicated willingness to allow Dillip to use the funds from the sinking fund to temporarily meet the company’s cash needs. Discuss whether Dillip’s proposal is appropriate.

A statistics instructor wonders whether significant differences exist in her students' median exam scores in her three different sections. She randomly selects scores from 10 different students in each section. A portion of the data is shown 7 in the accompanying table.

$$\begin{array}{|c|c|c|} \hline \text { Section 1 } & \text { Section 2 } & \text { Section 3 } \\ \hline 85 & 91 & 74 \\ \hline 68 & 84 & 69 \\ \hline \vdots & \vdots & \vdots \\ \hline 74 & 75 & 73 \\ \hline \end{array}$$

Do these data provide enough evidence at the $5 \%$ significance level to indicate that there are some differences in median scores in the three sections?