The autonomic nervous system primarily innervates all of the following, except $$ \\$A. adrenal gland $$ $$ B. smooth muscle in the walls of the aorta $$ $$ C. cardiac muscle in the right atrium $$ $$ D. skeletal muscle in the rectus abdominis $$ $E. parotid salivary gland.

Match the item with the most closely related item ascending tracts a. cover CNS axons with myelin b. carry sensory information to the brain c. occurs along unmyelinated axons d. outermost covering of brain and spinal cord e. production of CSF f. supporting cells g. controls smooth and cardiac muscle, glands, and fat cells h. occurs along myelinated axons i. link between nervous and endocrine systems j. carry motor commands to spinal cord k. ef erent division of the PNS l. controls contractions of skeletal muscles m. masses of neuron cell bodies n. connects the brain to the spinal cord o. stretch ref ex p. af erent division of the PNS q. maintains muscle tone and posture r. “rest and digest” division s. opposing ef ects t. “fight or flight” division

Explain the process when the oxygen concentration is low as in the peripheral tissues H+ is bound and O2 is released.

The circulatory system helps to maintain homeostasis by interacting with the

(1) nervous system and transporting chemicals produced by nerve cells from one cell to another.

(2) respiratory system and producing oxygen for gas exchange

(3) digestive system by removing undigested food from the stomach

(4) excretory system in helping to regulate body temperature through sweating

Intialing carbon monoxide reduces the ability of red blood cells to carry oxygen. This can lead to brain damage. Which three systems of the body interact in this situation?

(1) digestive, respiratory, and circulatory

(2) immune, circulatory, and digestive

(3) respiratory, circulatory, and nervous

(4) excretory, nervous, and respiratory

The elaboration likelihood model states that:

a. the more elaborate the message, the likelier the attitude will change.

b. the thoughts about a message rather than the content of the message determines whether an attitude will change.

c. peripheral routes are more important than central routes.

d. attitudes change mainly when the person cannot elaborate on their reasoning for their initial attitude.

Match the item with the most closely related item neuroglia a. cover CNS axons with myelin b. carry sensory information to the brain c. occurs along unmyelinated axons d. outermost covering of brain and spinal cord e. production of CSF f. supporting cells g. controls smooth and cardiac muscle, glands, and fat cells h. occurs along myelinated axons i. link between nervous and endocrine systems j. carry motor commands to spinal cord k. ef erent division of the PNS l. controls contractions of skeletal muscles m. masses of neuron cell bodies n. connects the brain to the spinal cord o. stretch ref ex p. af erent division of the PNS q. maintains muscle tone and posture r. “rest and digest” division s. opposing ef ects t. “fight or flight” division

Circle the letter of the best ANTONYM for the word in bold-faced type.

insubordinate employees

a. nervous

b. dispirited

c. cooperative

d. incendiary

e. hyperbolic

Match the item with the most closely related item oligodendrocytes a. cover CNS axons with myelin b. carry sensory information to the brain c. occurs along unmyelinated axons d. outermost covering of brain and spinal cord e. production of CSF f. supporting cells g. controls smooth and cardiac muscle, glands, and fat cells h. occurs along myelinated axons i. link between nervous and endocrine systems j. carry motor commands to spinal cord k. ef erent division of the PNS l. controls contractions of skeletal muscles m. masses of neuron cell bodies n. connects the brain to the spinal cord o. stretch ref ex p. af erent division of the PNS q. maintains muscle tone and posture r. “rest and digest” division s. opposing ef ects t. “fight or flight” division

Match the item with the most closely related item medulla oblongata a. cover CNS axons with myelin b. carry sensory information to the brain c. occurs along unmyelinated axons d. outermost covering of brain and spinal cord e. production of CSF f. supporting cells g. controls smooth and cardiac muscle, glands, and fat cells h. occurs along myelinated axons i. link between nervous and endocrine systems j. carry motor commands to spinal cord k. ef erent division of the PNS l. controls contractions of skeletal muscles m. masses of neuron cell bodies n. connects the brain to the spinal cord o. stretch ref ex p. af erent division of the PNS q. maintains muscle tone and posture r. “rest and digest” division s. opposing ef ects t. “fight or flight” division

Use the appropriate abbreviation to convey correct information about the patient.

EEG $\quad$ CNS $\quad$ MRI $\quad$ CT $\quad$ ANS $\quad$ BBB $\quad$ CSF $\quad$ PNS $\quad$ UTI

The doctor has ordered the following diagnostic tests for the patient. (Hint: Which of the above abbreviations represent diagnostic tests?) $\rule{7cm}{0.15mm}$

Circle the letter of the best ANTONYM for the word in bold-faced type.

a(n) politic reply

a. clever

b. naive

c. political

d. peripheral

e. obtrusive

Circle the letter of the best SYNONYM for the word in bold-faced type.

peripheral to the debate a. obtrusive b. essential c. immaterial d. ephemeral e. tangential

The stage of sleep known as rapid eye movement or REM sleep is characterized by atonia and myoclonic twitches in addition to the actual rapid movement of the eyes. Atonia is thought to be a protective mechanism as it:

a. Limits physical movements

b. Prevents nightmares

c. Enhances the dream state

d. Regulates the autonomic nervous system