The compact fluorescent bulb is another fairly new light source that is likely to have a large impact on home lighting. These bulbs combine the energy effi ciency of traditional fl uorescent lights with the smaller size, “warmer” light, and dimming ability of incandescent lights. Although compact fluorescent bulbs are expensive, manufacturers claim that subsequent savings will more than offset the initial costs. Analyze the relative cost of incandescent versus compact fluorescent lighting, assuming that the information in the table below is accurate. Are industry claims of cost savings justified?

	Compact Fluorescent	Incandescent
Initial cost	$15.00	$2.00
Electricity usage	18 watts	75 watts
Electricity cost	0.04//kwh	0.04//kwh
Lifetime	10,000 hours	2,500 hours

As part of a heat treatment process, cylindrical, 304 stainless steel rods of 100-mm diameter are cooled from an initial temperature of $500^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ by suspending them in an oil bath at $30^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$. If a convection coefficient of $500 \mathrm{W} / \mathrm{m}^{2} \cdot \mathrm{K}$ is maintained by circulation of the oil, how long does it take for the centerline of a rod to reach a temperature of $50^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$, at which point it is withdrawn from the bath? If 10 rods of length L=1 m are processed per hour, what is the nominal rate at which energy must be extracted from the bath (the cooling load)?

Trees offsetting $\mathbf{C O}_2$. Trees can help offset the buildup of $\mathrm{CO}_2$ due to burning coal and other fossil fuels. $\mathrm{CO}_2$ can be absorbed by tree foliage. Trees use the carbon to grow, and release $\mathrm{O}_2$ into the atmosphere. Suppose a refrigerator uses $600 \mathrm{kWh}$ of electricity per year (about $2 \times 10^9 \mathrm{~J}$ ) from a $33 \%$ efficient coal-fired power plant. Burning $1 \mathrm{~kg}$ of coal releases about $2 \times 10^7 \mathrm{~J}$ of energy. Assume coal is all carbon, which when burned in air becomes $\mathrm{CO}_2$. Assuming a forest can capture $1700 \mathrm{~kg}$ of carbon per hectare $\left(=10,000 \mathrm{~m}^2\right)$ per year, estimate how many square meters of forest are needed to capture the carbon (in the form now of $\mathrm{CO}_2$ ) emitted by the coal required to be burned per year to run this refrigerator.

The silicon diode shown in figure is described by:

$$i_D=I_o\left(e^{v_D / v_T}-1\right)$$

where at $T=300 \mathrm{~K}$

$$\begin{aligned} I_o & =2.030 \times 10^{-15} \mathrm{~A} \quad V_T=\frac{k T}{q} \approx 26 \mathrm{mV} \\ v_S & =5.3 \mathrm{~V}+7 \cos (\omega t) \mathrm{mV} \\ \omega & =377 \mathrm{~rad} / \mathrm{~s} \quad R=4.6 \mathrm{~k} \Omega \end{aligned}$$

Determine the current $i_D$ at the operating point $Q$ : a. Using the diode offset model. b. By graphically solving the circuit characteristic (i.e., the DC load-line equation) and the device characteristic (i.e., the diode equation).

Strasburg Loan Company is in the consumer loan business. Strasburg borrows from banks and loans out the money at higher interest rates. Strasburg’s bank requires Strasburg to submit quarterly financial statements to keep its line of credit. Strasburg’s main asset is Notes Receivable. Therefore, Uncollectible-Account Expenses and Allowance for Uncollectible Accounts are important accounts for the company.

Raquel Lanser, the company’s owner, prefers that net income reflect a steady increase in a smooth pattern, rather than an increase in some periods and a decrease in other periods. To report smoothly increasing net income, Lanser underestimates uncollectible-account expenses in some periods. In other periods, Lanser overestimates the expense. She reasons that the income overstatements roughly offset the income understatements over time.

Requirements

1. What is the ethical issue in this situation?
2. Who are the stakeholders? What are the possible consequences of each?
3. Analyze the alternatives from the following standpoints: a. economic, b. legal, c. ethical.
4. What would you do? How would you justify your decision?

A small air compressor for an aircraft cabin consists of the 3.50-kg turbine A which drives the 2.40-kg blower B at a speed of 20 000 rev/min. The shaft of the assembly is mounted transversely to the direction of flight and is viewed from the rear of the aircraft. The radii of gyration of A and B are 79.0 and 71.0 mm, respectively. Calculate the radial forces exerted on the shaft by the bearings at C and D if the aircraft executes a clockwise roll (rotation about the longitudinal flight axis) of 2 rad/s viewed from the rear of the aircraft. Neglect the small moments caused by the weights of the rotors. Draw a free-body diagram of the shaft as viewed from above and indicate the shape of its deflected centerline.

A specimen of a methacrylate plastic is tested in tension at room temperature, producing the stress-strain data listed in the accompanying table. Plot the stress-strain curve and determine the propor tional limit, modulus of elasticity (i.e., the slope of the initial part of the stress-strain curve), and yield stress at 0.2% offset. Is the material ductile or brittle?

$$\begin{matrix} \text{Stress (MPa)} & \text{Strain}\\ \text{8.0} & \text{0.0032}\\ \text{17.5} & \text{0.0073}\\ \text{25.6} & \text{0.0111}\\ \text{31.1} & \text{0.0129}\\ \text{39.8} & \text{0.0163}\\ \text{44.0} & \text{0.0184}\\ \text{48.0} & \text{0.0209}\\ \text{53.9} & \text{0.0260}\\ \text{58.1} & \text{0.0331}\\ \text{62.0} & \text{0.0429}\\ \text{62.1} & \text{Fracture}\\ \end{matrix}$$

This problem is identical to Problem earlier Consider the circuit in Fig. earlier with the device geometries shown at the bottom of this page. Let $I_{\mathrm{REF}}=225 \mu \mathrm{A}$, $\left|V_t\right|$ for all devices $=0.75 \mathrm{~V}, \mu_n C_{a x}=180 \mu \mathrm{A} / \mathrm{V}^2, \mu_p C_{a x}=$ $60 \mu \mathrm{A} / \mathrm{V}^2,\left|V_A\right|$ for all devices $=9 \mathrm{~V}, V_{D D}=V_{\mathrm{SS}}=1.5 \mathrm{~V}$. Determine the width of $Q_6, W$, that will ensure that the op amp will not have a systematic offset voltage. Then, for all devices, evaluate $I_{D D}\left|V_{O V}\right|,\left|V_{G S}\right|, g_s$, and $r_a$. Provide your results in a table. Also find $A_1, A_2$, the dc open-loop voltage gain, the input common-mode range, and the output voltage range. Neglect the effect of $V_A$ on the bias currents.

The data in the next table were collected for the purpose of constructing an $\bar{x}$ chart.

c. Compute and plot the centerline and the upper and lower control limits for the $\bar{x}$ chart.

An ergonomics consultant is engaged by a large consumer products company to see what they can do to increase productivity. The consultant recommends an "employee athlete" program, encouraging every employee to devote 5 minutes an hour to physical activity. The company worries that the gains in productivity will be offset by the loss of time on the job. They'd like to know if the program increases or decreases productivity. To calculate it, they monitor a random sample of 145 employees who word process, calculating their hourly keystrokes both before and after the program is instituted. Here are the data:

A small company, on hearing about the employee athlete program at the large company down the street, decides to try it as well. To measure the difference in productivity, they measure the average number of keystrokes per hour of $23 \mathrm{cmployees}$ before and after the program is instituted. The data follow:

a) Is there proof to suggest that the program increases productivity?

The fiscal policy variables G and T are thought to be independent of income level. But this is not how things work in the real world. Since taxes are primarily based on income, larger incomes tend to result in higher taxes. In this issue, we look at how taxes react automatically to changes in autonomous spending to help offset their effects on output. Take into account the subsequent behavioural equations:

$$\begin{aligned} C &=c_0+c_1 Y_D \\ T &=t_0+t_1 Y \\ Y_D &=Y-T \end{aligned}$$

G and I are both constant. Assume that t1 is between 0 and 1. What is the multiplier? Does the economy respond more to changes in autonomous spending when t1 is 0 or when t1 is positive? Explain.

Which statement is true about what will happen when the example code runs?

1: main PROC
2:     mov eax,40
3:     push offset Here
4:     jmp Ex4Sub
5:   Here:
6:     mov eax,30
7:     INVOKE ExitProcess,0
8: main ENDP
9:
10: Ex4Sub PROC
11:     ret
12: Ex4Sub ENDP

a. EAX will equal 30 on line 7

b. The program will halt with a runtime error on Line 4

c. EAX will equal 30 on line 6

d. The program will halt with a runtime error on Line 11

Cotner Clothes Inc. is considering the replacement of its old, fully depreciated knitting machine. Two new models are available: (a) Machine $190-3$, which has a cost of $\$ 190,000$, a $3$-year expected life, and after-tax cash flows (labor savings and depreciation) of $\$ 87,000$ per year; and (b) Machine $360-6$, which has a cost of $\$ 360,000$, a $6$-year life, and after-tax cash flows of $\$ 98,300$ per year. Assume that both projects can be repeated. Knitting machine prices are not expected to rise because inflation will be offset by cheaper components (microprocessors) used in the machines. Assume that Cotner's WACC is $14 \%$. Using the replacement chain and EAA approaches, which model should be selected? Why?

The fiscal policy variables G and T are thought to be independent of income level. But this is not how things work in the real world. Since taxes are primarily based on income, larger incomes tend to result in higher taxes. In this issue, we look at how taxes react automatically to changes in autonomous spending to help offset their effects on output. Take into account the subsequent behavioural equations:

$$\begin{aligned} C &=c_0+c_1 Y_D \\ T &=t_0+t_1 Y \\ Y_D &=Y-T \end{aligned}$$

G and I are both constant. Assume that t1 is between 0 and 1. Solve for equilibrium output.