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Question

The County Clerk in Essex, New Jersey, was accused of cheating by not using randomness in assign ing line positions on voting ballots. Among 4 l different ballots, Democrats were assigned the top line 40 times. Assume that Democrats and Republicans are assigned the top line using a method of random selection so that they are equally likely to get that top line. Find the probability of 40 or more top lines for Democrats.

Solution

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Answered 4 months ago
Answered 4 months ago
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Given:

p=50%=0.50(Democrats and Republicans are equally likely)p=50\%=0.50 (\text{Democrats and Republicans are equally likely})

n=41n=41

DEFINITIONS

Definition binomial probability:

P(X=x)=n!x!(nx)!px(1p)nxP(X=x)=\dfrac{n!}{x!(n-x)!}\cdot p^x\cdot (1-p)^{n-x}

Complement rule:

P( not A)=1P(A)P(\text{ not A})=1-P(A)

Addition rule for disjoint or mutually exclusive events:

P(A or B)=P(A)+P(B)P(A\text{ or }B)=P(A)+P(B)

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