The female gametophyte is produced by $__________$ in gymnosperms.

If a houseplant is not watered, which part of the plant wilts first, the growing tips or the portion near the roots? Based on your answer, predict which part of the plant contains more collenchyma cells and which contains more sclerenchyma cells.

Fill in the blanks with the correct terms.

________________ is where a plant's stems increase in thickness, while ____________ is where a plant's tips and shoots grow.

Sequence the layers of cells of roots beginning with the outermost layer. _____ endodermis _____ epidermis _____ pericycle _____ cotrex

When a piece of stem or a lateral bud is cut from a parent plant and attached to another plant, what are the cut piece and the plant to which it is attached called? __________________

What ensures that pollen grains stay on the scales of a female cone? __________________

In the gymnosperm life cycle, how do the pollen grains reach the female cones? __________________

What is dormancy? __________________

Circle the letter of what a cutting must have to form roots when placed in a rooting mixture.
a. Several stolons $\hspace{1cm}$c. Buds containing rneristernatic tissue
b. A taproot $\hspace{1.7cm}$d. Buds without rneristernatic tissue

In gymnosperms, pollen grains form in __________________

What are the three phyla of seedless vascular plants? Give an example of each.

Why might a horticulturist not want a plant to reproduce sexually by seeds? _________________

What adaptation does a coconut seed have that helps its dispersal? __________________

How long does the gymnosperm life cycle typically take to complete? __________________