The first law of thermodynamics says we can’t get more out of a process than we put in, but the second law says that we can’t break even. Explain this statement.

Solid substance A has a melting point of 100 degrees Celsius. Liquid substance B has a freezing point of 110 degrees Celsius. For each substance, identify its state of matter and describe the motion of its particles when the substance is at 115 degrees Celsius.

When a sealed Thermos bottle full of hot coffee is shaken, what changes, if any, take place in the temperature of the coffee.

When a sealed Thermos bottle full of hot coffee is shaken, what changes, if any, take place in its internal energy?

a. Which accounts are considered temporary accounts? b. Why are temporary accounts closed at the end of the fiscal year?

In solar ponds constructed in Israel, the Sun’s energy is concentrated near the bottom of a salty pond. With the proper layering of salt in the water, convection is prevented and temperatures of 100$^ { \circ } \mathrm { C }$ may be reached. Can you guess the maximum efficiency with which useful mechanical work can be extracted from the pond?

In solar ponds constructed in Israel, the Sun’s energy is concentrated near the bottom of a salty pond. With the proper layering of salt in the water, convection is prevented, and temperatures of $100^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ may be reached. Can you estimate the maximum efficiency with which useful energy can be extracted from the pond?

Choose the word or phrase that best answers the question. Which of the following occurs when a sound source moves away from you? A) The sound’s velocity decreases. B) The sound’s loudness increases. C) The sound’s frequency decreases. D) The sound’s frequency increases.

Find all solutions of the equation that lie in the given interval. State each answer rounded to two decimal places.

$$\sin x = 0.3 ; \quad [ 0,2 \pi ]$$

A composite transformation reflects a figure over the x-axis, rotates it $120^{\circ}$, and then flips it across the y-axis. Will the resulting image be the same, regardless of which order these transformations are performed? Explain.

Consider the human body performing a strenuous exercise, such as lifting weights or riding a bicycle. Work is being done by the body, and energy is leaving by conduction from the skin into the surrounding air. According to the first law of thermodynamics, the temperature of the body should be steadily decreasing during the exercise. That isn’t what happens, however. Is the first law invalid for this situation? Explain.

Work with a team to prepare a product presentation for a business to-business product. It can be sold for resale purposes or used in the operation of a business. Consider products such as retail apparel, machine parts for manufacturing or business consulting services. Share your product presentation with the class.

Find each difference. You may find a number line helpful. 12-(-4)

Describe how the hydrosphere and atmosphere help make Earth a good place for life as we know it.