The following table compares real GDP per capita in 1969 and 2009 for five countries. Fill in the table with the annual growth rate of real GDP per capita from 1969 to 2009. Is the completed table's data consistent with convergence theory? Explain.

$$\begin{aligned} &\text { ANNUAL GROWTH IN }\\ &\begin{array}{lccc} \text { COUNTRY } & \begin{array}{c} \text { REAL GDP PER } \\ \text { CAPITA IN 1969 } \end{array} & \begin{array}{c} \text { REAL GDP PER } \\ \text { CAPITA IN 2009 } \end{array} & \begin{array}{c} \text { REAL GDP PER } \\ \text { CAPITA 1969-2009 } \end{array} \\ \hline \text { United States } & 20,994 & 41,646 & \\ \text { El Salvador } & 2,282 & 2,580 & \\ \text { Republic of } & 4,141 & 5,026 & \\ \text { South Africa } & & & \\ \text { Cambodia } & 99 & 483 & \\ \text { Russia } & 3,791 & 6,498 & \\ \hline \end{array} \end{aligned}$$

For the increase of the shipping and the encouragement of the navigation of this nation, which under the good providence and protection of God is so great a means of the welfare and safety of this Commonwealth: be it enacted by this present Parliament, and the authority thereof, that from and after the first day of December, one thousand six hundred fifty and one, and from thence forwards, no goods or commodities whatsoever of the growth, production or manufacture of Asia, Africa or America, or of any part thereof; or of any islands belonging to them ... as well of the English plantations as others, shall be imported or brought into this Commonwealth of England, or into Ireland, or any other lands, islands, plantations, or territories to this Commonwealth belonging, or in their possession, in any other ship or ships, vessel or vessels whatsoever, but only in such as do truly and without fraud belong only to the people of this Commonwealth, or the plantations thereof, as the proprietors or right owners thereof....

• Scobell's Acts of Parliament, Goods from Foreign Parts by Whom to Be Imported, $1651$

Which of the following individuals is best associated with this document?

a. James I

b. Sir Edmund Andros

c. Sir Walter Raleigh

d. John Rolfe

You are a member of a geological team in Central Africa. Your team comes upon a wide river that is flowing east. You must determine the width of the river and the current speed (the speed of the water relative to the earth). You have a small boat with an outboard motor. By measuring the time it takes to cross a pond where the water isn’t flowing, you have calibrated the throttle settings to the speed of the boat in still water. You set the throttle so that the speed of the boat relative to the river is a constant 6.00 m/s. Traveling due north across the river, you reach the opposite bank in 20.1 s. For the return trip, you change the throttle setting so that the speed of the boat relative to the water is 9.00 m/s. You travel due south from one bank to the other and cross the river in 11.2 s. (a) How wide is the river, and what is the current speed? (b) With the throttle set so that the speed of the boat relative to the water is 6.00 m/s, what is the shortest time in which you could cross the river, and where on the far bank would you land?

The 2010 birth and death rates per million for several regions and the world population (in millions) by region are given in the following tables.

$$\begin{array}{|lcc|} \hline & \text { Births } & \text { Deaths } \\ \hline \text {Africa} & 0.0346 & 0.0118 \\ \hline \text {Asia} & 0.0174 & 0.0073 \\ \hline \text {Latin America} & 0.0189 & 0.0059 \\ \hline \text {North America} & 0.0135 & 0.0083 \\ \hline \text {Europe} & 0.0099 & 0.0103 \\ \hline \end{array}$$

$$\text{Population (millions)}\\ \begin{matrix} \hline \text{ } & \text{ } & \text{ } & \text{Latin} & \text{North} & \text{ }\\ \text{Year} & \text{Africa} & \text{Asia} & \text{America} & \text{America} & \text{Europ}\\ \hline \text{1970} & \text{361} & \text{2038} & \text{286} & \text{227} & \text{460}\\ \hline \text{1980} & \text{473} & \text{2494} & \text{362} & \text{252} & \text{484}\\ \hline \text{1990} & \text{627} & \text{2978} & \text{443} & \text{278} & \text{499}\\ \hline \text{2000} & \text{803} & \text{3435} & \text{524} & \text{314} & \text{511}\\ \hline \text{2010} & \text{1013} & \text{3824} & \text{591} & \text{344} & \text{522}\\ \hline \end{matrix}$$

(a) Write the information in each table as a matrix. (b) Use the matrices from part (a) to find the total number (in millions) of births and deaths in each year (assuming birth and death rates for all years are close to these in 2010). (c) Using the results of part (b), compare the number of births in 1970 and in 2010. Also compare the birth rates from part (a). Which gives better information? (d) Using the results of part (b), compare the number of deaths in 1980 and in 2010. Discuss how this comparison differs from a comparison of death rates from part (a).

Starbucks Corporation reported the following geographical segment revenues for a recent and a prior fiscal year:

$$\begin{array}{lrr} & \begin{array}{c} \text { Recent Year } \\ \text { (in millions, rounded) } \end{array} & \begin{array}{c} \text { Prior Year } \\ \text { (in millions, rounded) } \end{array} \\ \hline \text { Americas } & \$ 13,293 & \$ 11,980 \\ \text { EMEA* }^* & 1,217 & 1,295 \\ \text { China/Asia Pacific } & 2,396 & 1,130 \\ \text { Channel Development** } & 1,731 & 1,546 \\ \text { Other } & \underline{526} & \underline{497} \\ \quad \text { Total } & \underline{\underline{\$ 19,163}} & \underline{\underline{\$ 16,448}} \end{array}$$

*Europe, Middle East, and Africa
**Sells packaged coffee and teas globally

a. Prepare a horizontal analysis of the segment data using the prior year as the base year. Round whole percents to one decimal place.
b. Prepare a vertical analysis of the segment data. Round whole percents to one decimal place.
c. What conclusions can be drawn from your analyses?

Can the population of an urban area be estimated without taking a census? In Geographical Analysis (Jan. 2007) geography professors at the University of Wisconsin at Milwaukee and Ohio State University demonstrated the use of satellite image maps in estimating urban population. A portion of Columbus, Ohio, was partitioned into n = 125 census block groups, and satellite imagery was obtained. For each census block, the following variables were measured: population density ( y ), proportion of block with low-density residential areas

$$(x_1),$$

and proportion of block with high-density residential areas

$$(x_)$$

A first-order model for y was fitted to the data and produced the following results:

$$\hat { y } = - .0304 + 2.006 x _ { 1 } + 5.006 x _ { 2 } , R ^ { 2 } = .686$$

a. Give a practical interpretation of each

$$\beta \text { -estimate }$$

in the model. b. Give a practical interpretation of the coefficient of determination,

$$R^2.$$

c. State

$$H_0 \ and \ H_a$$

for a test of the overall adequacy of the model. d. Refer to part c . Compute the value of the test statistic. e. Refer to parts c and d . Make the appropriate conclusion at

$$\alpha = .01$$

Are some cities more windy than others? Does Chicago deserve to be nicknamed "The Windy City"? There data are the average wind speeds (in miles per hour) for 54 selected cities in the United States: 8.9 12.3 10.7 8.4 7.8 11.5 8.2 9.0 8.8 7.1 11.8 10.3 7.7 9.0 10.5 9.1 8.7 8.7 9.1 9.0 10.5 11.2 7.7 8.8 12.2 7.9 8.8 8.7 7.1 8.7 7.6 5.1 35.1 10.5 10.4 11.0 10.2 8.6 10.7 9.6 8.3 8.0 9.5 7.7 9.4 8.7 7.8 10.2 6.9 9.2 01.2 6.2 9.6 12.2 a. Construct a relatively frequency histogram for the data (HINT: Choose class boundaries without including the value x=35.1 in the range of values.) b. The value x=35.1 was recorded at Mt. Washington, New Hampshire. Does the geography of that city explain the observation? c. The average wind speed in Chicago is recorded as 10.3 miles per hour. Do you consider this unusually windy?

Per Capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is one statistic economists use to measure the health of a nation's economy. It is an estimate of the total value of goods and services produced in a country per person. Look at the data below and complete the activity that follows.

$$\begin{matrix} \text{Canada} & \text{\$ 38.200} & \text{Mexico} & \text{\$ 12.500}\\ \text{China} & \text{\$ 5.300} & \text{North Korea} & \text{\$ 1.900}\\ \text{Cuba} & \text{\$ 4.500} & \text{Poland} & \text{\$ 16.200}\\ \text{France} & \text{\$ 33.800} & \text{Russia} & \text{\$ 14.600}\\ \text{Germany} & \text{\$ 34.400} & \text{Singapore} & \text{\$ 48.900}\\ \text{Hong Kong} & \text{\$ 42.000} & \text{South Africa} & \text{\$ 10.600}\\ \text{Iran} & \text{\$ 12.300} & \text{United Kingdom} & \text{\$ 35.300}\\ \text{Japan} & \text{\$ 33.800} & \text{United States} & \text{\$ 46.000}\\ \end{matrix}$$

Does this graph support the generalization that free-market economies tend to be more efficient than command economies? Explain.

Tuberculosis (TB) is a bacterial disease that affects the lungs. The data table shows the estimated number of new TB cases in 1997, 2002, and 2007.

$$\begin{matrix} \text{Country} & \text{1997} & \text{2002} & \text{2007}\\ \text{Brazil} & \text{67} & \text{57} & \text{48}\\ \text{China} & \text{109} & \text{103} & \text{98}\\ \text{India} & \text{168} & \text{168} & \text{168}\\ \text{Mexico} & \text{39} & \text{28} & \text{20}\\ \text{Russia} & \text{94} & \text{108} & \text{110}\\ \text{South Africa} & \text{360} & \text{780} & \text{948}\\ \text{United States} & \text{7} & \text{5} & \text{4}\\ \end{matrix}$$

Why are the data presented as the number of new cases per 100,000 people?

Per Capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is one statistic economists use to measure the health of a nation's economy. It is an estimate of the total value of goods and services produced in a country per person. Look at the data below and complete the activity that follows.

$$\begin{matrix} \text{Canada} & \text{\$ 38.200} & \text{Mexico} & \text{\$ 12.500}\\ \text{China} & \text{\$ 5.300} & \text{North Korea} & \text{\$ 1.900}\\ \text{Cuba} & \text{\$ 4.500} & \text{Poland} & \text{\$ 16.200}\\ \text{France} & \text{\$ 33.800} & \text{Russia} & \text{\$ 14.600}\\ \text{Germany} & \text{\$ 34.400} & \text{Singapore} & \text{\$ 48.900}\\ \text{Hong Kong} & \text{\$ 42.000} & \text{South Africa} & \text{\$ 10.600}\\ \text{Iran} & \text{\$ 12.300} & \text{United Kingdom} & \text{\$ 35.300}\\ \text{Japan} & \text{\$ 33.800} & \text{United States} & \text{\$ 46.000}\\ \end{matrix}$$

Which country has the highest per capita gross domestic product? Which has the lowest?

Read the paragraph below, which was written by a South African who lived under its now-abolished system of racial apartheid. Work with a partner to address the items that follow.

To relieve my tormented conscience, I $\underline{\text{convinced}}$ myself that it was futile, it was suicidal, to fight bullets and truncheons with stones, armoured vehicles and tear gas with shouts of "Amandla! Awethu!" and fists clenched in black power salutes. I $\underline{\text{led}}$ myself to believe that there were other ways of fighting the awesome apartheid machinery besides fleeing the country and joining the ANC [African National Congress] as a freedom fighter. As I grappled with my conscience, in me $\underline{\text{became born}}$ a fanatical determination that if I ever $\underline{\text{left}}$ South Africa alive, I would devote every minute of my time, every ounce of my strength, to fighting for the liberation of my countrymen. What my weapons would be I didn't know.

-Mark Mathabane, Kaffir Boy

How would you rewrite the verb left in the third sentence in the subjunctive mood using the verbs were and leave?

Imagine two different types of airline frequent flyer programs: one that awards points based on flown miles and gives free trips based on accumulated mileage according to a predefined awards schedule (e.g., domestic roundtrip in economy requires 25,000 miles, a roundtrip between North America and Europe in business requires 80,000 miles, a first class roundtrip between North America and Africa requires 200,000 miles) and another one that keeps track of the number of flight segments and gives free trips based on the number of flown segments (e.g., every 10th domestic economy class flight is free). Assume that the system needs to keep track of every customer’s status in the program, based on the cumulative flight distance and frequency either since the customer joined the program or during the previous calendar year. Based on this limited information, explore whether the data modeling solutions for the two types of frequent flyer programs are different. Justify your conclusions and draw the class diagrams for both types of systems, making all necessary assumptions.

Per Capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is one statistic economists use to measure the health of a nation's economy. It is an estimate of the total value of goods and services produced in a country per person. Look at the data below and complete the activity that follows.

$$\begin{matrix} \text{Canada} & \text{\$ 38.200} & \text{Mexico} & \text{\$ 12.500}\\ \text{China} & \text{\$ 5.300} & \text{North Korea} & \text{\$ 1.900}\\ \text{Cuba} & \text{\$ 4.500} & \text{Poland} & \text{\$ 16.200}\\ \text{France} & \text{\$ 33.800} & \text{Russia} & \text{\$ 14.600}\\ \text{Germany} & \text{\$ 34.400} & \text{Singapore} & \text{\$ 48.900}\\ \text{Hong Kong} & \text{\$ 42.000} & \text{South Africa} & \text{\$ 10.600}\\ \text{Iran} & \text{\$ 12.300} & \text{United Kingdom} & \text{\$ 35.300}\\ \text{Japan} & \text{\$ 33.800} & \text{United States} & \text{\$ 46.000}\\ \end{matrix}$$

How does the per capita gross domestic product of the United States compare to those of Russia, France, and Singapore? Express your answer as a fraction or percentage.