The James-Lange theory proposes that ultimately determine(s) emotion; the Cannon-Bard theory proposes that

a. stimuli; cogrition

b. psychology; biology

c. cognition; stimuli

d. hormones; neurotransmitters

Maintaining social bonds increased our ancestors' chances of survival and may explain our motive.

a. aggression

b. affiliation

c. contact

d. achievement

Which of the following reseanch findings supports the idea that aggression is a leamed behavior?

a. If frustration doesn't generate anger, aggression is unlikely.

b. More than 1.3 million violent crimes were reported in the United States in 2009

c. Exposure to movie violence causes increases in aggression in children and adolescents.

d. High levels of testosterone can trigger aggression.

Matthew tells you if you are feeling depressed you should smile more and your depression will fade away. Matthew obvious ascribes to:

a. Izard's theory of emotion.

b. the James-Lange theory of emotion.

c. the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion.

d. the Schachter-Singer theory of emotion.

An irritated person interacts with someone who is happy, causing him or her to become happy as well. This exemplifies a. the spillover effect. b. the James-Lange theory. c. the two-factory theory. d. the Cannon-Bard theory. e. arousal and performance.

Using the terms relating to the cells of the nervous system, fill in the blanks in the following questions and statements. LO 9.3

The neurotransmitter that is a natural pain reliever. ____________________

According to the James-Lange theory of emotion, a physiological response to a stimulus $\underline{\hspace{2cm}}$.

According to the James-Lange theory, different emotional stimuli induce ________ patterns of autonomic nervous system activity.

A) The same

B) Different

C) Tangential

D) Similar

E) Inhibitory

According to the Circumplex Model of Emotions, high-activation negative emotions include:

a) bored.

b) gloomy.

c) jittery.

d) still.

e) all of these.

Define neurotransmitters and name several classes of neurotransmitters.

Sarah always sets very high goals for herself and often achieves them. She practiced tennis several hours each day until she became the best player on her college tennis team. She took extra classes each semester so she could graduate early and go to graduate school to become a rocket scientist. Today, at the age of 25 , she heads a laboratory division at NASA. Sarah could be described as having strong

a. achievement motivation

b. affiliation motivation

c. aggression motivation

d. curiosity

Which of the following is a key element of aggression?

a. hatred

b. disgust

c. sadness

d. intent

_________ is sparked by the new and unknown and is directed toward the goal of "finding out."

a. Contact

b. Curiosity

c. Manipulation

d. Motivation

Motivation and emotions are two interrelated aspects of psychology. In these modules, we first considered the topic of motivation, which has spawned a great deal of theory and research examining primary and secondary drives such as hunger, sex, and achievement. We then turned to a discussion of emotions, beginning with their functions and proceeding to a review of three major theories that seek to explain them. Finally, we looked at cultural differences in the expression and display of emotions and discussed the facial-affect program, which seems to be innate and to regulate the nonverbal expression of the basic emotions. Return to the prologue of this group of modules, which describes skater Adam Rippon's unhealthy desire to lose weight. Using your knowledge of motivation and emotion, consider the following question: What approaches to understanding motivation might best explain his competitiveness in figure skating? Would those approaches also help explain his disordered eating? Explain.