The lesson before describes the postulates of Dalton's atomic theory. With some modifications, these postulates hold up very well regarding how we view elements, compounds, and chemical reactions today. Answer the following questions concerning Dalton's atomic theory and the modifications made today.

How is water different from hydrogen peroxide $\left(\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}_2\right)$ even though both compounds are composed of only hydrogen and oxygen?

The hydrolysis of ATP … Select one:

a. is endergonic

b. is exergonic

c. is anabolic

d. none of the above

Show the ketones that would result from hydrolysis and decarboxylation of the following $\beta$-keto esters.

Which of the three compounds below would be the most reactive toward hydrolysis with aqueous base?

In the Bohr theory of the hydrogen atom, an electron moves in a circular orbit about a proton, where the radius of the orbit is $0.529 \times 10^{-10} \mathrm{~m}$. If this force causes the centripetal acceleration of the electron, what is the speed of the electron?

Repeat the previous problem using $\mathrm{LiAlH}_4$ (followed by hydrolysis) as the reagent.

Which of the following tests would not be used to rule out that a myocardial infarction had occurred?

a. doing an ECG

b. performing constant blood pressure monitoring

c. measuring blood levels of creatine kinase released from damaged heart muscle

d. measuring blood levels of troponin released from damaged heart muscle

Using the principles for writing mechanisms and the four common mechanistic steps, write mechanisms showing all electron flow arrows for the following reactions:

Partial hydrolysis of acetonitrile in sodium methoxide to create acetamide

Draw structural formulas for the products of complete hydrolysis of meprobamate, phenobarbital, and pentobarbital in hot aqueous acid.

Phenobarbital(racemic)

Phenobarbital is a long-acting sedative, hypnotic, and anticonvulsant. Luminal is one of over a dozen names under which it is prescribed.

The mechanism of enzymatic oxidation has been studied by isotopic labeling with the aid of deuterated derivatives of ethanol. Specify the number of deuterium atoms that you would anticipate to find attached to the dihydropyridine ring of NADH following enzymatic oxidation of each of the alcohols given:

(a) ${CD}_3 {CH}_2 {OH}$

(b) ${CH}_3 {CD}_2 {OH}$

(c) ${CH}_3 {CH}_2 {OD}$

How does the hydrolysis process work in chemical weathering?

Formulate a mechanism for the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of 3-methylpentanamide.

Based on VSEPR theory, what is the geometric shape of $\ce{IF4-}$?

A) tetrahedral

B) square planar

C) square pyramidal

D) octahedral

E) seesaw

The polymer shown here is synthesized by hydroxide ion promoted hydrolysis of a copolymer of para-nitrophenyl methacrylate and acrylate.

a. Propose a mechanism for the formation of the copolymer.

b. Explain why hydrolysis of the copolymer to form the polymer occurs much more rapidly than hydrolysis of para-nitrophenyl acetate.