The model of globin gene evolution suggests that an ancestral gene duplicated and mutated to become $\alpha$ - and $\beta$-globin genes, and then each one was further duplicated and mutated. What features of the data set support the model?

The earlier that two genes arose from a duplicated gene, the more their nucleotide sequences can have diverged, which may result in amino acid differences in the protein products. Using the same approach, identify which two globin genes are the most recently duplicated. What is the percent identity between them?

The earlier that two genes arose from a duplicated gene, the more their nucleotide sequences can have diverged, which may result in amino acid differences in the protein products. Based on that premise, identify which two genes are most divergent from each other. What is the percent amino acid identity between their polypeptides?

What has been the most significant finding of the ENCODE pilot project? Why was the project expanded to include nonhuman spedes?

DNA sequences called homeoboxes help homeotic genes in animals direct development. Given that they are common to flies and mice, explain why these animals are so different.

Homeotic genes

(A) encode transcription factors that control the expression of genes responsible for specific anatomical structures.

(B) are found only in Drosophila and other arthropods.

(C) are the only genes that contain the homeobox domain.

(D) encode proteins that form anatomical structures in the fly.

Which of the three mechanisms described result(s) in a copy remaining at the original site as well as a copy appearing in a new location?

Explain how multiple exons might have arisen in the ancestral EGF and fibronectin genes.

Explain the advantage of the systems biology approach to studying cancer versus studying a single gene at a time.

The Genomes Online Database (GOLD) website of the Joint Genome Institute has information about genome sequencing projects. Go to https://gold.jgi.doe.gov/ statistics and describe what you find. What percent of bacterial genome projects have medical relevance?

Note that in the amino acid identity table, the data are arranged so each globin pair can be compared. Notice that the cells in the lower left half of the table are blank. Using the information already provided in the table, fill in the missing values. Why does it make sense that these cells were left blank in the table?

Note that in the amino acid identity table, the data are arranged so each globin pair can be compared. Some cells in the table have dashed lines. Given the pairs that are being compared for these cells, what percent identity value is implied by the dashed lines?

Would you expect the genome of the macaque (a monkey) to be more like that of a mouse or that of a human? Explain.

Discuss the characteristics of mammalian genomes that make them larger than prokaryotic genomes.