The most important chemical regulator of respiration is

(A) oxygen.
(B) carbon dioxide.
(C) bicarbonate ion.
(D) sodium ion.
(E) hemoglobin.

Consider a hypothetical simple ion $\text{M}^{4+}$. Determine the formula of the compound this ion would form with each of the following anions.

f. nitrite

Consider a hypothetical simple ion $\text{M}^{4+}$. Determine the formula of the compound this ion would form with each of the following anions.

b. permanganate

The common ion effect for ionic solids (salts) is to significantly decrease the solubility of the ionic compound in water. Explain the common ion effect.

Draw structural formulas for each of the following substances.

a. Fumaric acid

b. Fumarate ion

c. Malic acid

d. Malate ion

Consider again the pump and piping system of earlier problem. Calculate the percentage reductions in volume flow rate that occur after (a) $20$ years and (b) $40$ years of use, if the pump characteristics remain constant. Repeat the calculation if the pump head is reduced $10$ percent after $20$ years of use and $25$ percent after $40$ years. (Use the data of Problem for increase in pipe friction factor with age.)

A magnesium ion $\mathrm { Mg } ^ { 2 + }$ is accelerated through a potential difference of 22 kV. What is the de Broglie wavelength of this ion?

What is the most potent chemical stimulus to respiration?

An atom that loses a valence electron becomes a (positive/negative) ion. An atom that gains a valance electron becomes a (positive/negative) ion.

Use Lewis structures to explain how the reaction between hydroxide ion and hydrogen ion involves the formation of a coordinate covalent bond.

Apply Ion X has a charge of 2+, and ion Y has a charge of 1-. Write the formula unit of the compound formed from the ions.

A farmer runs a heat pump using 2 kW of power input. It keeps a chicken hatchery at a constant 30$^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ while the room loses 10 kW to the colder outside ambient air at 10$^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$. Find the COP of the heat pump, the rate of entropy generated in the heat pump and its heat exchangers, and the rate of entropy generated in the heat loss process.

Draw resonance structures for the formate ion, $\mathrm{HCO}_2^{-}$and then determine the $\mathrm{C}-\mathrm{O}$ bond order in the ion.

An atom that loses a valence electron becomes a (positive/negative) ion. An atom that gains a valence electron becomes a (positive/negative) ion.