The Pap test is an important diagnostic test for women. Test your understanding of this diagnostic test by answering these questions. Select the correct answer for each question.

What causes the majority of abnormal Pap smears?

a. improper specimen collection

b. poor hygiene

c. infection by the human papilloma virus

d. overgrowth of yeast in vagina

Explain how direct and indirect ELISA tests work.

Which of the following types of urine specimen collection contains greater concentrations of substances?

A. first-voided morning

B. 24-hour

C. timed

D. random

Using complete sentence, answer the following question.
What is a Pap test? What does it detect?

Name and describe common diagnostic tests.

You are working on the postoperative unit and will be receiving a patient from the recovery room. The post-anesthesia care unit nurse calls and gives the following report: C.P. is a $50$-year-old woman with a subtotal thyroidectomy for papillary carcinoma. The estimated blood loss was $25 \mathrm{~mL}$. Vital signs (VS) are $130 / 82,80$ to $90,20$ , and $\mathrm{SaO}_2 94 \%$ on room air. She has a peripheral IV of D5.45NS with $20 \mathrm{mEq} \mathrm{KCl}$ infusing at $100 \mathrm{~mL} / \mathrm{hr}$. She has received a total of $3 \mathrm{mg}$ morphine sulfate IV push, and she remains awake, but drowsy, and fully oriented. C.P.'s past medical history includes a total abdominal hysterectomy for fibroids and low-level radiation treatments to the neck $30$ years ago for eczema. Her medications include lovastatin (Mevacor) and levothyroxine (Synthroid). Both parents are living; her father had a myocardial infarction at $70$ years of age; her mother has hypothyroidism but never had thyroid tumors.

List four complications that C.P. is at risk for postoperatively, and then describe actions you should include in C.P.'s postoperative care related to each complication.

Explain several techniques in specimen collection and the concerns in acquiring good cultures.

Which forms of diagnostic testing will improve the likelihood of rapid detection of such infections?

Circle the BEST answer.
Perineal care is given before collecting a
a Random specimen
b Midstream specimen
c 24-hour specimen
d Stool specimen

Failure of the patient to follow required diet restrictions before specimen collection could lead to:

Your assessment of M.N. finds her with decreased breath sounds and crackles in the right base posteriorly. Her right middle and lower lobes percuss slightly dull. She splints her right side when attempting to take a deep breath. Her skin is pale, warm, and dry. She does not have a productive cough, chest pain, or any anxiety.
What complication do you suspect M.N. is experiencing? State your rationale.

Differentiate sensitivity from specificity in a diagnostic test.

Wells criteria and probability of DVT? A diagnostic test based on Wells's score?

The physician orders the following: STAT arterial blood gases (ABGs), chest x-ray (CXR) examination, ECG, and a helical (spiral) CT of the lungs.
Arterial Blood Gases (ABGs)
pH 7.49
Paco2 30.6mm Hg
Pao2 52mm Hg
HC03 24.2 mmol/L
Sao2 83%
A-a oxygen gradient 32 mm Hg
Why is S.K. at risk for developing this complication?