The sound of a sizzling steak or the smell of a warm apple pie might make people want to eat those items. In the study of motivation, the sound and smell are considered to be a. incentives. b. arousal-inducing. c. drives. d. self-actualization needs. e. fixed-action patterns.

On the very first day of class, Mr. Boyarsky gave his students a test. When some complained, he responded that he wanted to know what their talents were, so he was giving them a test to predict what kind of skills they might learn best, and what kind of jobs they might like to do one day. Mr. Boyarsky's test was a. an aptitude test. b. an intelligence test. c. an achievement test. d. a personality test. e. a projective test.

A babysitter cuts a sandwich into three equal pieces, then keeps two and gives one to the child she is caring for. The child is upset that this is unfair, so the babysitter divides the child's piece into two. Since each of them now has two pieces, the child is content. According to Jean Piaget, this is because the child lacks a. accommodation. b. assimilation. c. formal operational knowledge. d. sensorimotor ability. e. conservation.

In the early twentieth century, French psychologists led by Alfred Binet developed the first test for intelligence to be given to French school children for the purpose of a. selecting the most capable to be turned as future leaders. b. identifying those who might be wasting their talents and not taking school seriously. c. testing whether French teachers merited higher pay. d. evaluating the quality of French schools. e. finding children who were struggling academically.

When a person performs a heroic act solely for public praise she is on which developmental level according to Lawrence Kohliberg. a. Preconventional. b. Postconventional. c. Conventional. d. Concrete operational. e. Formal operational.

Becoming less self-conscious and less restrained, when in a group situation is referred to as a. social loafing. b. deindividuation. c. social facilitation. d. obedience. e cognitive dissonance.

Dr. Warren is testing the link between the consumption of caffeine and a person’s memory. She randomly divides 300 participants into three groups and gives each participant an energy drink to consume. Some of the drinks have high levels of caffeine, some have medium amounts, and some have none at all—but they all taste the same. About 30 minutes later, she has the participants play a memory game on the computer where they have to match faces and names together. At the end of the game, the computer thanks them for playing, and their scores are sent to Dr.Warren’s lab. The dependent variable in the experiment is a. how quickly the participants matched the names and faces. b. the participants’ scores from the memory game. c. the amount of caffeine they consumed. d. their explanations about how they played the game. e. the amount of caffeine they consume in a typical week.

Seven-year-old Daniel was able to see that the dot-to-dot puzzle was going to form a picture of a tiger even before he started drawing on the puzzle. Which Gestalt principle helped Daniel perceive the tiger from all the unconnected dots? a. Proximity b. Continuity c. Bipolar cues d. Retinal disparity e. Closure

Albert Bandura believed that children could learn not only by doing behaviors themselves, but also by watching models perform those behaviors. His ideas expanded the idea of learning to include a. observational learning. b. classical conditioning. c. operant conditioning. d. latent learning. e. rote learning.

Dr. Alscott has examined two sets of data from his research. In the first set, the standard deviation was very small, while in the second set there was a much larger standard deviation. Based on this information, what conclusion can be drawn from these two sets? a. The median was greater than the mean in the second set. b. The mean was greater than the median in the second set. c. The standard deviation in both sets reveled a positive correlation between the, data. d. Most data points were closer to the mean in the first set than in the second. e. Most data points were closer to the mean in the second set than in the first.

Which emotion theory places the greatest emphasis on physiological changes happening first, which are then followed by an experience of an emotion? a. Schachter-Singer theory. b. James-Lange theory. c. Cannon-Bard theory. d. Arousal theory e. Incentive theory.

Paul was unable to correctly identify the right shade of blue his wife wanted at the paint store, so he purchased various hues and brought them home. Apparently the ability to detect the varieties of the different blues fell below Paul’s a. signal detection. b. absolute threshold. c. difference threshold. d. excitatory level. e. inhibitory level.

Psephologist David Wechsler has create test for adults and children that are designed to reveal their a. intelligence. b. aptitude. c. achievement. d. personality characteristics. e. symptoms of psychological disorders.

Which of these statements is most accurate about REM sleep? a. These periods are the longest at the beginning of the sleep period, then get shorter through the night. b. These periods are the short e st at the beginning of the sleep period, then get longer through the night. c. During these periods, brain activity is as reduced as muscle activity. d. The brainstem continues to pass on motor activity signals to the rest of the body during REM sleep. e. The dreams during this stage are frequently interrupted by sleep spindles.