The table below was created for the number and type of experiments Mendel performed. Each number in the second column represents the number of experiments we would expect Mendel to have had with the deviation in the first column. For example, we would expect Mendel to have had 13 experiments in which the deviation was between 0 and 0.5, and two experiments with deviations between -2.0 and -2.5. Each number in the third column represents the actual number of experiments with the deviation in the first column. For example, Mendel recorded 16 experiments in which the deviation was between 0 and 0.5.

$$\begin{matrix} \text{An Analysis of Mendel's Data}\\ \text{Deviation} & \text{Expected Number of Experiments with This Deviation} & \text{Actual Number of Experiments with This Deviation}\\ \text{-2 to -2.5} & \text{2} & \text{0}\\ \text{-1.5 to -2} & \text{3} & \text{0}\\ \text{-1 to -1.5} & \text{6} & \text{4}\\ \text{-0.5 to -1} & \text{10} & \text{12}\\ \text{-0 to -0.5} & \text{13} & \text{14}\\ \text{0 to 0.5} & \text{13} & \text{16}\\ \text{0.5 to 1} & \text{10} & \text{20}\\ \text{1 to 1.5} & \text{6} & \text{2}\\ \text{1.5 to 2} & \text{3} & \text{1}\\ \text{2 to 2.5} & \text{2} & \text{0}\\ \end{matrix}$$

Do you think scientists ever throw out results that were quite different from expected? Why might a scientist be tempted to do this?

Match the term with the following definitions.

Genotype

a. Developing embryo

b. Mother

c. Sex cell

d. Offspring

e. Configuration of genes

What is the difference between an oncogene and a tumor-suppressor gene? Give some examples of the functions of proto-oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes in normal cells.

Suppose A. kaputensis did not have the Ubx and abd-A Hox genes. How would the conclusions of this study have been affected? Explain.

When analyzing a pedigree, you notice that two unaffected parents have produced a child that is affected by the trait. This suggests which of the following patterns of inheritance? a. autosomal dominant b. X-linked c. autosomal recessive d. All of these are correct.

What explains all the different breeds of dogs and cats? A phenotype, B genes and the environment, C dominant alleles, D selective breeding.

Match each of the following phrases on the left with its correct definition on the right. a. emotional riddle b. unchangeable inheritance c. patronizing hatred d. turbulent indications e. moving beginning. tumultuous implications

Determine what is incorrect in the following statement: Red deer mutated their genes so that they could have larger antlers to compete for mates.

Based on observational evidence, variations in the color of flamingos appears to be determined by their diet, and not their genes. Describe the steps of an investigation to provide evidence to support or refute this hypothesis.

Which regulatory protein induces the lytic phase genes of the phage

$$\lambda$$

life cycle? a.cI b. Cro c. Lac repressor d. Lactose

How do shoot apical meristems, inflorescence meristems, and floral meristems differ, and what are the genes that control the transitions between them?

One method that Mendel used to test his laws is known as a testcross. In it, $F_1$ hybrids are crossed with their recessive parent. What is the expected distribution of progeny and what are their phenotypes in a testcross involving peas with different-colored seeds? What is it for snapdragons with different flower colors (use the white parent in this testcross)?

Here are two sets of data derived from crosses in Chlamydomonas involving three genes represented by the mutant alleles $a, b$, and $c$ :\

$$\begin{array}{ccccc}\text { Genes } & \text { Cross } & \text { P } & \text { NP } & \text { T } \\ 1 & a \text { and } b & 36 & 36 & 28 \\ 2 & b \text { and } c & 79 & 3 & 18 \\ 3 & a \text { and } c & ? & ? & ?\end{array}$$

Determine as much as you can concerning the arrangement of these three genes relative to one another. Assuming that a and $c$ are linked and are $38 \mathrm{mu}$ apart and that 100 tetrads are produced, describe the expected results of cross 3.

The gene for brown hair is dominant, while the gene for blond hair is recessive. What genes does a brown-haired person have?