The type of albinism that arises with high frequency among Hopi Native Americans (discussed in the introduction to this chapter) is most likely oculocutaneous albinism type 2, due to a defect in the OCA2 gene on chromosome 15. Do some research on the Internet to determine how the phenotype of this type of albinism differs from the phenotypes of other forms of albinism in humans and to identify the mutated genes that result in those phenotypes. Hint: Visit the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man Website $\text{\blue{(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/omim/)}}$ and search the database for albinism.

Compare the chromosomes in a cell at metaphase of mitosis with those in a cell at metaphase of meiosis II.

Let us consider an equation which is given as follows $f(x)=x^2-2x+3$. For $\varepsilon=0.25$, find the largest value of $\delta>0$ satisfying the statement $|f(x)-2|<\boldsymbol { \varepsilon }$ whenever $0<|x-1|<\delta$.

A chromosome consists of two sister chromatids. Does the genetic information on the two sister chromatids come from only one parent or from both parents? Explain your reasoning.

Swiss Group reports net income of $40,000 for 2017. At the beginning of 2017, Swiss Group had$200,000 in assets. By the end of 2017, assets had grown to $300,000. What is Swiss Group’s 2017 return on assets? How would you assess its performance if competitors average an 11% return on assets?

How do the structure and location of a prokaryotic chromosome differ from that of a eukaryotic chromosome?

What happens during metaphase I in meiosis?

Fruit fly gametes each have four chromosomes representing $2^4$, or 16 , possible chromosome combinations. How many chromosome combinations could results from fertilization between a fruit fly egg and a sperm cell?

If you had a fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) that was of phenotype A, what cross would you make to determine if the fly’s genotype was A/A or A/a?

The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster (left) has four pairs of chromosomes, whereas the house flies Musca domestica (right) has six pairs of chromosomes. In which species would you expect to see more genetic variation among the progeny of a cross? Explain your answer

Humans have 46 chromosomes in each somatic cell. a. How many chromosomes does a child receive from its father? b. How many autosomes and how many sex chromosomes are present in each somatic cell? c. How many chromosomes are present in a human ovum? d. How many sex chromosomes are present in a human ovum?

Tension between sister chromatids is essential to ensure their efficient separation at mitotic anaphase or in meiotic anaphase II. Explain why sister chromatid cohesion is important, and discuss the role of the proteins cohesin and separase in sister chromatid separation.

What are checkpoints?

What are checkpoints? List some of the important checkpoints in the cell cycle.