The word part pino- means "to drink," phagomeans "to eat," and cyto- means "cell." With this information, discuss why the words pinocytosis and phagocytosis are good names for the processes they describe.

Some plant cells have carrier proteins that transport sugar molecules and hydrogen ions $\left(\mathrm{H}^{+}\right)$into the cytosol at the same time. These carrier proteins move sugar molecules up their gradient as hydrogen ions move down their gradient. Explain how would the transport of sugar into these cells affect the $\mathrm{pH}$ of the cells' external environment. What would happen to the transport of sugar if hydrogen ions were removed from the external environment?

What role do carrier proteins play in facilitated diffusion?

Explain the difference between pinocytosis and phagocytosis.

If a cell were exposed to a poison that blocked the cell's ability to manufacture ATP, what effect would that have on the cell membrane's transport processes?

Define a contractile vacuole, and how does it function?

What are some products you purchase that involve routine decision making?

When a cell takes in substances through endocytosis s, the cell membrane forms an inside-out vesicle. That is, the outside of the cell membrane becomes the inside of the vesicle. What might this suggest about the structure of the cell membrane?

Explain the relationship between cilia and flagella.

How plasmolysis is related to turgor pressure in plant cells?

What provides the energy that drives the sodium-potassium pump?

If the concentration of solute molecules outside a cell is lower than the concentration in the cytosol, is the external solution hypotonic, hypertonic, or isotonic to the cytosol?

Make a report summarizing the roles of osmosis and diffusion in the preservation of body organs donated for transplants. Why must organs be preserved in special solutions prior to a transplant? Find out what kinds of substances these solutions contain.

Distinguish between the processes of endocytosis and exocytosis.