Tris (hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, commonly called TRIS or Trizma, is often used as a buffer in biochemical studies. Its buffering range is from pH 7 to $9 ,$ and $K _ { b }$ is $1.19 \times 10 ^ { - 6 }$ for the reaction

$$\begin{array} {l}{{\left( \mathrm { HOCH } _ { 2 } \right) _ { 3 } \mathrm { CNH } _ { 2 } ( a q ) + \mathrm { H } _ { 2 } \mathrm { O } ( l ) \rightleftharpoons \left( \mathrm { HOCH } _ { 2 } \right) _ { 3 } \mathrm { CNH } _ { 3 } ^ { + } ( a q ) + \mathrm { OH } ^ { - } ( a q )} \\\quad {\text{TRIS}\quad \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad \text{TRISH}^+}} \end{array}$$

A buffer is prepared by diluting 50.0 g of TRIS base and 65.0 g of TRIS hydrochloride (written as TRISHCl to a total volume of 2.0 L. What is the pH of this buffer? What is the pH after 0.50 mL of 12 M HCl is added to a 200.0-mL portion of the buffer?

Coats were on sale for 40% off. One coat was regularly priced at $80. What would be the sale price of the coat?

From the data file Earnings per Share on corporate earnings per share, fit autoregressive models of orders 1 through 4. Use the procedure of this section to test the hypothesis that the order of the autoregression is p - 1 against the alternative that the true order is p, with a 10% significance level. Choose one of these models, and compute forecasts of earnings per share for the next 5 years. Draw a graph showing the original data along with these forecasts. Would the results differ if a 5% significance level was used for the tests?

Malnick's Tailors uses the following accounts.

Cash
Accounts Receivable-Unique Uniforms
Supplies
Prepaid Insurance
Accounts Payable-Master Supplies
Misha Malnick, Capital
Misha Malnick, Drawing
Sales
Rent Expense
Utilities Expense

Transactions:

Sept. 1. Received cash from owner as an investment, $8,000.00. R1.
      2. Paid cash for insurance,$2,500.00. C1.
      3. Bought supplies on account from Master Supplies, $2,000.00. M1.
      4. Paid cash for supplies,$1,500.00. C2.
      8. Paid cash on account to Master Supplies, $2,000.00. C3.
      9. Paid cash for rent,$1,000.00. C4.
     12. Received cash from sales, $1,800.00. T12.
     15. Sold services on account to Unique Uniforms,$400.00. S1.
     16. Paid cash for telephone bill, $120.00. CS.
     22. Received cash on account from Unique Uniforms,$400.00. R2.
     25. Paid cash to owner as withdrawal of equity, $1,000.00. C6.

Instructions:

The journal for Malnick's Tailors is given in the Working Papers.

1. Use page 1 of the journal to journalize the transactions. Source documents are abbreviated as follows: check, C; memorandum, M; receipt, R; sales invoice, S; calculator tape, T.

A CEO's impact on corporate profits. Can a corporation's annual profit be anticipated from information about the company's CEO? Each year Forbes publishes data on company profit (in $millions), the CEO's annual income (in $ thousands), and the percentage of the company's stock owned by the CEO. Assume a model relating company profit (y) to CEO income$(x_1)$and stock percentage$(x_2)$. Describe what it means to say that "CEO income$x_1$and stock percentage$x_2$ interact to affect company profit y."

Consider the growth of the following virus. A new virus has been created and is distributed to 100 computers in a company via a corporate E-mail. From these workstations the virus continues to spread. Let t=0 be the time of the first 100 infections, and at t=17 minutes the population of infected computers grows to 200. Assume the anti-virus companies are not able to identify the virus or slow its progress for 24 hours, allowing the virus to grow exponentially.

What will the population be after a full 24 hours?

In its first year of operations, Ramirez Company recognized $28,000 in service revenue,$6,000 of which was on account and still outstanding at year-end. The remaining $22,000 was received in cash from customers.

The company incurred operating expenses of$15,800. Of these expenses, $12,000 were paid in cash;$3,800 was still owed on account at year-end. In addition, Ramirez prepaid $2,400 for insurance coverage that would not be used until the second year of operations.

Instructions

(a) Calculate the first year’s net earnings under the cash basis of accounting, and calculate the first year’s net earnings under the accrual basis of accounting.

You are the nurse working triage in the emergency department. This afternoon, a woman brings in her father, K.B., who is $72$ years old. The daughter reports that, over the past year, she has noticed her father has progressively had problems with his mental capacity. These changes have developed gradually but seem to be getting worse. At times he is alert, and at other times he seems disoriented, depressed, and tearful. He is forgetting things and doing things out of the ordinary, such as placing the milk in the cupboard and sugar in the refrigerator. This morning, he thought it was nighttime and wondered what his daughter was doing at his house. He could not pour his own coffee, and he seems to be getting more agitated. K.B. reports that he has been having memory problems for the past year and, at times, has difficulty remembering the names of family members and friends. His neighbor found him down the street $2$ days ago, and K.B. did not know where he was.

A review of his past medical history is significant for hypercholesterolemia and coronary artery disease. He had a myocardial infarction $5$ years ago. K.B.'s vital signs today are all within normal limits.

A number of diagnostic tests have been ordered for K.B. From the tests listed, which would be used to diagnose dementia?

$\underline{\phantom{XX}}$ Mental status examinations

$\underline{\phantom{XX}}$ Toxicology screen

$\underline{\phantom{XX}}$ Mini-Mental State Examination

$\underline{\phantom{XX}}$ ECG

$\underline{\phantom{XX}}$ EEG

$\underline{\phantom{XX}}$ CMP

$\underline{\phantom{XX}}$ CBC with differential

$\underline{\phantom{XX}}$ Thyroid function tests

$\underline{\phantom{XX}}$ Colonoscopy

$\underline{\phantom{XX}}$ RPR

$\underline{\phantom{XX}}$ Serum B$_{12}$

$\underline{\phantom{XX}}$ Bleeding time

$\underline{\phantom{XX}}$ HIV screening

$\underline{\phantom{XX}}$ CT

$\underline{\phantom{XX}}$ MRI

In $1948$, Father Terminiello, a Roman Catholic priest, arrived to make a speech at a Chicago auditorium. Outside the auditorium about $300$ people were picketing his speech. Inside, Terminiello criticized Jews and African Americans, as well as the crowd outside. By the time his speech was finished, $1,500$ people had gathered outside. A police line prevented the protesters from entering the building. However, the "howling mob" outside was throwing stones and bricks at the building, and the police were unable to maintain control. The crowd was also yelling at and harassing people who came to hear Terminiello speak. Terminiello was arrested and charged with disorderly conduct under an ordinance forbidding any breach of the peace. He was convicted, and his conviction was upheld in the Illinois courts. However, in a $5$-to-$4$ decision, the U.S. Supreme Court reversed his conviction, ruling that the breach of the peace ordinance was vague and punished some speech that should have been protected.

What happened in the Terminiello case? Why was he arrested?

Reidland Manufacturing has four divisions: Acme, Dune, Stark, and Brothers. Corporate headquarters is in Minnesota. Reidland corporate headquarters incurs costs of $16,800,000 per period, which is an indirect cost of the divisions. Corporate headquarters currently allocates this cost to the divisions based on the revenues of each division. The CEO has asked each division manager to suggest an allocation base for the indirect headquarters costs from among revenues, segment margin, direct costs, and number of employees. The following is relevant information about each division:$

$$\begin{matrix} & \text{Acme} & \text{Dune} & \text{Stark} & \text{Brothers}\\ \text{Revenues} & \text{\$23,400,000} & \text{\$25,400,000} & \text{\$18,600,000} & \text{\$16,500,000}\\ \text{Direct costs} & \text{15,900,000} & \text{12,300,000} & \text{12,900,000} & \text{13,800,000}\\ \text{Segment margin} & \text{\$7,500,000} & \text{\$13,200,000} & \text{\$5,700,000} & \text{\$2,700,000}\\ \text{Number of employees} & \text{6,000} & \text{12,000} & \text{4,500} & \text{1,500}\\ \end{matrix}$$

$ 1. Allocate the indirect headquarters costs of Reidland Manufacturing to each of the four divisions using revenues, direct costs, segment margin, and number of employees as the allocation bases. Calculate operating margins for each division after allocating headquarters costs. 2. Which allocation base do you think the manager of the Brothers division would prefer? Explain. 3. What factors would you consider in deciding which allocation base Reidland should use? 4. Suppose the Reidland CEO decides to use direct costs as the allocation base. Should the Brothers division be closed? Why or why not?

According to the article "First-Year Academic Success: A Prediction Combining Cognitive and Psychosocial Variables for Caucasian and African American Students" (Journal of College Student Development [1999]: 599-605), there is a mild correlation between high school GPA (x) and first-year college GPA (y). The data can be summarized as follows: An alternative formula for computing the correlation coefficient that is based on raw data and is algebraically equivalent to the one given in the text is Use this formula to compute the value of the correlation coefficient, and interpret this value. $n=2600 \quad \sum x=9620 \quad \sum y=7436$, $\sum x y=27,918 \quad \sum x^{2}=36,168 \quad \sum y^{2}=23,145$, $r=\frac{\sum x y-\frac{\left(\sum x\right)\left(\sum y\right)}{n}}{\sqrt{\sum x^{2}-\frac{\left(\sum x\right)^{2}}{n}} \sqrt{\sum y^{2}-\frac{\left(\sum y\right)^{2}}{n}}}$.

The end-of-year assets of the Medicare Hospital Insurance Trust Fund (in billions of dollars) for the years 2006 through 2014 are shown. 2006: 305.4, 2007: 326.0, 2008: 321.3, 2009: 304,.2 2010: 271.9, 2011: 244.2, 2012: 220.4, 2013: 205.4, 2014: 197.3. (a) Use the regression capabilities of a graphing utility to find a model of the form $M=a t^{3}+b t^{2}+c t+d$ for the data. Let t=6 represent 2006. (b) Use a graphing utility to plot the data and graph the model. (c) Find the maximum value of the model and compare the result with the actual data.

Select True or False to indicate which of the following groups could be identified using the biological species concept.

T/F lizard species living today
T/F sunflower species living today
T/F extinct dinosaurs
T/F bacteria living today

Each salesperson at Puchett, Sheets and Hogan Insurance Agency receives one of three sales aptitude ratings: below average, average, or above average. Each salesman is also given a rating based on how likely they are to advance: fair, good, or excellent. The following table shows how these characteristics for the 500 salespeople were cross-classified. What is the name of this table?