Tumor-suppressor genes are normal human genes that prevent uncontrollable cell growth. Starting with a normal laboratory human cell line, describe how you could use transposon tagging to identify tumor-suppressor genes. Note: When a TE hops into a tumor-suppressor gene, it may cause uncontrolled cell growth. This is detected as a large clump of cells among a normal monolayer of cells.

Not every medical term will have a prefix, but when they do, it is an extra clue for you in determining the meaning of the term. Given the definition, identify the correct prefix it is describing. Fill in the blank.

Derived from a single protein from a single clone of cells: __________________ clonal

Not every medical term will have a prefix, but when they do, it is an extra clue for you in determining the meaning of the term. Given the definition, identify the correct prefix it is describing. Fill in the blank.

Given in smaller amounts, more often: __________________ fractionated

Describe the experiment that led to the One Gene–One Enzyme hypothesis.

Not every medical term will have a prefix, but when they do, it is an extra clue for you in determining the meaning of the term. Given the definition, identify the correct prefix it is describing. Fill in the blank.

Spread of disease to another body part: __________________ stasis

Which type of mutation affects more genes, a gene mutation or a chromosomal mutation?

How can cancer spread from one part of the body to another?

Apoptosis (programmed cell death) is regulated by?

Not every medical term will have a prefix, but when they do, it is an extra clue for you in determining the meaning of the term. Given the definition, identify the correct prefix it is describing. Fill in the blank.

Carcinogenic released from burning wood: __________________ oxin

Use terms related to Environment Pollution to complete the following sentences. Fill in the blanks.

Small bits of material are called __________.

Identify the blood cell types arising from each of the progenitor cell types:

(a) Myelold progenitor cells: $\rule{5cm}{1pt}$

$$\rule{10cm}{1pt}$$

(b) Lymphoid progenitor cells $\rule{5cm}{1pt}$

Identify the meaning of the root/combining form in each term below.

a. to form b. offspring c. cutting used for propagation d. mediastinum e. touch f. lobe g. blood vessel h. falling

_____1. mediastinoscopy _____2. neoplastic _____3. antiangiogenesis _____4. palpation _____5. monoclonal _____6. apoptosis _____7. lobectomy _____8. progenitor

Choose the best answer.

The suffix in this term means origin: a. biologic b. antiangiogenesis c. microarray

Sensitivity and Specificity The sensitivity and specificity for breast cancer during a mammography exam are approximately $79.6 \%$ and $90.2 \%$, respectively. Source: National Cancer Institute.
a. It is estimated that $0.5 \%$ of U.S. women under the age of 40 have breast cancer. Find the probability that a woman under 40 who tests positive during a mammography exam actually has breast cancer.
b. Given that a woman under 40 tests negative during a mammography exam, find the probability that she does not have breast cancer.
c. According to the National Cancer Institute, failure to diagnose breast cancer is the most common cause of medical malpractice litigation. Given that a woman under 40 tests negative for breast cancer, find the probability that she does have breast cancer.
d. It is estimated that $1.5 \%$ of U.S. women over the age of 50 have breast cancer. Find the probability that a woman over 50 who tests positive actually has breast cancer.