Under Suleiman I (r. $1520-1566$), the Ottoman Empire reached its greatest territorial extent and perhaps its golden age in terms of culture and economy. A helpful window into the life of this most powerful of Muslim states comes from the writings of Ogier Ghiselin de Busbecq, a Flemish nobleman who served as a diplomat for the Austrian Empire, which then felt under great threat from Ottoman expansion into Central Europe. Busbecq's letters to a friend, present his view of the Ottoman court and his reflections on Ottoman military power.

How do you think Busbecq's outsider status shaped his perceptions of Ottoman political and military life? To what extent does his role as a foreigner enhance or undermine the usefulness of his account for historians?

Compare the attitudes of the British and Chinese toward trade between their countries.

a. What effect did Chinese philosophy have on Chinese medicine?

b. How might the limited role of trade in ancient China have affected the development of Chinese culture?

To improve their balance of trade with China the British sold the Chinese ______.

For the following exercise,

Create a system of linear equations to describe the behavior. Then, solve the system for all solutions using Cramer’s Rule.

Your garden produced two types of tomatoes, one green, and one red. The red weigh $10 \mathrm{oz}$, and the green weigh $4 \mathrm{oz}$. You have $30$ tomatoes, and a total weight of $13 \mathrm{lb}, 14 \mathrm{oz}$. How many of each type of tomato do you have?

According to Emperor Qianlong, China did not have a need for what product(s) from England?

A. Manufactured goods
B. Diplomats
C. Tea
D. Porcelain

Like their counterparts in the Middle East and Asia, a number of European states in the early modern era also pursued the twin projects of imperial expansion abroad and political integration at home. But consolidating central authority was a long and difficult task. Obstacles to the ambitions of kings in Europe were many - the absence of an effective transportation and communication infrastructure; the difficulty of acquiring information about the population and resources; the entrenched interests of privileged groups such as the nobility, church, town councils, and guilds; and the division between Catholics and Protestants.

Perhaps the most well-known example of such European state-building efforts is that of France under the rule of Louis XIV (r. $1643-1715$). Louis and other European monarchs, such as those in Spain and Russia, operated under a set of assumptions known as absolutism, which held that kings ruled by "divine right" and could legitimately claim sole and uncontested authority in their realms. Louis's famous dictum "L'etat, c'est moi" ("I am the state") summed up the absolutist ideal. Source illustrates at least one way in which Louis attempted to realize this ideal.

Written by Louis himself, this document focuses on the importance of "spectacle" and public display in solidifying the exalted role of the monarch. The "carousel" described here was an extravagant pageant, held in Paris in June $1662$. It featured various exotic animals, slaves, princes, and nobles arrayed in fantastic costumes representing distant lands, as well as many equestrian competitions. Unifying this disparate assembly was King Louis himself, dressed as a Roman emperor, while on the shields of the nobles was that grand symbol of the monarchy, the sun.

What posture does Louis take toward his subjects in this document?

How was slavery in the Americas different from slavery in Africa?

The experience of empire for conquered peoples was broadly similar whoever their rulers were. Does the material in this chapter support or challenge this idea?

The ten percent law states that the total energy content of a trophic level in an ecosystem is only about one- tenth (or $10 \%$ ) that of the preceding level. For each of the trophic levels in the diagram on the preceding page, determine the amount of energy passed on to the next trophic level as a percentage:

(a) Producer to primary consumer.
(b) Primary consumer to secondary consumer.
(c) Secondary consumer to tertiary consumer.

Is the following sentence true or false? Viral infections can be treated with antibiotics. ______________________

How did the Harlem Renaissance reflect the growing cultural and political power of African Americans?

Is the following sentence true or false? Viral infections can be treated with antibiotics. ______________________

Is the following sentence true or false? Viral infections can be treated with antibiotics. ______________________