Use the masses given in Appendix D to find the energy released in the fusion reaction and the fission .

The density of lead is $11.35 \mathrm{g} / \mathrm{cm}^{3}$, and its atomic weight is 207.2. Assume that 1.000 cm of lead reduces a beam of 1-MeV gamma rays to $28.65\%$ of its initial intensity. (a) How much lead is required to reduce the beam to $10^{-4}$ of its initial intensity? (b) What is the effective cross section of a lead atom for a 1-MeV photon?

Determine which of the following reactions can occur. For those that cannot occur, determine the conservation law (or laws) violated.

$$\pi^{+} \rightarrow \mu^{+}+\nu_{\mu}$$

Determine which of the reactions below can occur. For those that cannot occur, determine the conservation law (or laws) that each violates. $\pi ^ { + } \rightarrow \mu ^ { + } + \mathrm { n }$

Determine which of the following reactions can occur. For those that cannot occur, determine the conservation law (or laws) violated.

$$\mathrm{p}+\mathrm{p} \rightarrow \mathrm{p}+\mathrm{p}+\pi^{0}$$

Determine which of the following reactions can occur. For those that cannot occur, determine the conservation law (or laws) violated.

$$\mathrm{p} \rightarrow \pi^{+}+\pi^{0}$$

Determine which of the following reactions can occur. For those that cannot occur, determine the conservation law (or laws) violated.

$$\pi^{+} \rightarrow \mu^{+}+ \mathrm{n}$$

Show that baryon number and charge are conserved in the following reactions of a pion with a proton.

(1) $\pi^+ + p \rightarrow K^+ + \sum^+$

(2) $\pi^++p \rightarrow \pi^++\sum^+$

One mediator of the weak interaction is the Z0 boson, with mass 91 GeV/c2. Use this information to find the order of magnitude of the range of the weak interaction.

Two photons are produced when a proton and an antiproton annihilate each other. What are the minimum frequency and the corresponding wavelength of each photon?

What are the frequencies of two photons produced when a proton and antiproton annihilate each other at rest?

When a high-energy proton or pion traveling near the speed of light collides with a nucleus, it travels an average distance of $3 \times 10^{-15} \mathrm{m}$ before interacting. From this information, estimate the time required for the strong interaction to occur.

(a) The first nuclear transmutation was achieved in 1919 by Rutherford, who bombarded nitrogen atoms with alpha particles emitted by the isotope $^{214} \mathrm{Bi}$. The reaction is $_{2}^{4} \mathrm{He}+_{7}^{14} \mathrm{N} \longrightarrow_{8}^{17} \mathrm{O}+_{1}^{1} \mathrm{H}$ What is the Q value of the reaction? What is the threshold energy? (b) Cockroft and Walton performed the first nuclear reaction utilizing particle accelerators. In that case, accelerated protons were used to bombard lithium nuclei, producing the reaction $_{1}^{1} \mathrm{H}+_{3}^{7} \mathrm{Li} \longrightarrow_{2}^{4} \mathrm{He}+_{2}^{4} \mathrm{He}$ Since the masses of the particles involved in the reaction were well known, these results were used to obtain an early proof of the Einstein mass–energy relation. Calculate the Q value of the reaction.

There are a few nuclear reactions in which the emerging particle and the product nucleus are identical. One example of this is the reaction $_{3}^{7} \operatorname{Li}(\mathrm{p}, \alpha)_{2}^{4} \mathrm{He}$ Calculate the Q value of this reaction.