Value-added tax, VAT, is a tax charged on goods and services in European countries. Many European countries offer refunds of some VAT to non-resident based businesses. VAT is included in a price that is quoted. That is, if an item is marked as costing $10, that price includes the VAT. In The Netherlands, foreign businesses are entitled to a refund of 84% of the VAT on automobile rentals. Write a function for the refund an American company could expect r(v) if v represents the VAT amount.

A college student is working on her physics homework in her dorm room. Her room contains a total of $6.0 \times 10^{26}$ gas molecules. As she works, her body is converting chemical energy into thermal energy at a rate of $125 \mathrm{~W}$. If her dorm room were an isolated system (dorm rooms can certainly feel like that) and if all of this thermal energy were transferred to the air in the room, by how much would the temperature increase in $10 \mathrm{~min}$?

A physics student is eying a steel drum, the top part of which has the approximate shape of a concave spherical surface. The surface is sufficiently polished that the student can just make out the reflection of her finger when she places it above the drum. As she slowly moves her finger toward the surface and then away from it, you ask her what she is doing. She replies that she is estimating the radius of curvature of the drum. How can she do that?

An organization is holding a banquet in honor of its member of the year. Tables must be rented in order to seat all the guests. A large table seats $12$ and costs $550$. A small table seats $8$ and costs $\$ 25$. How many of each type of table must be rented to seat $100$ guests for $\$ 350$?

(F) $8$ large and $3$ small

(G) $3$ large and $8$ small

(H) $5$ large and $5$ small

(J) $6$ large and $2$ small

A cone is cut by a plane parallel to its base. The small cone on top is similar to the large cone. The ratio of the slant heights of the cones is 1:2. Find each ratio. a. the surface area of the large cone to the surface area of the small cone b. the volume of the large cone to the volume of the small cone c. the surface area of the frustum to the surface area of the large cone and to the surface area of the small cone d. the volume of the frustum to the volume of the large cone and to the volume of the small cone

To complete your master's degree in physics, your advisor has you design a small, linear accelerator capable of emitting protons, each with a kinetic energy of $10.0 \mathrm{keV}$. (The mass of a single proton is $1.67 \times 10^{-27} \mathrm{~kg}$.) In addition, $1.00 \times 10^9$ protons per second must reach the target at the end of the $1.50$-m-long accelerator. What force (assumed constant) must be applied to each proton?

Why are most cells small?

An atom is a small unit of matter. A small atom measures about 0.0000000001 meter. Write the decimal as a power of 10.

Physics As radio signals move away from a transmitter, they become weaker. The function $s=\frac{1600}{d^2}$ relates the strength $s$ of a signal at a distance $d$ miles from a transmitter.

Critical Thinking Suppose you drive by the transmitter for one radio station while your car radio is tuned to a second station. The signal from the transmitter can interfere and come through your radio. Use your results from part (b) to explain why.

Describe the parts of the small intestine.

Which of the following leads to the end of a boom period in the business cycle

What effect will each of the following have on the demand for small automobiles such as the Mini-Cooper and Smart car?

$\,\,\,\,\,$ a. Small automobiles become more fashionable.

$\,\,\,\,\,$ b. The price of large automobiles rises (with the price of small autos remaining the same).

$\,\,\,\,\,$ c. Income declines and small autos are an inferior good.

$\,\,\,\,\,$ d. Consumers anticipate that the price of small autos will greatly come down in the near future.

$\,\,\,\,\,$ e. The price of gasoline substantially drops.

You've been collecting ideas for poems and doing exercises on imagery and figurative language as you worked with the poems in Collections 8 and 9 . See if any of that work interests you enough to develop it further.

If you still need help, the exercises that follow might give you some ideas. Begin with the confidence that you have feelings that can be expressed in a poem. You just have to find a subject that will urge them into expression

Physics $\&$ Now w $^m$ An object of mass $m_1=9.0 \mathrm{~kg}$ is in equilibrium while connected to a light spring of constant $k=100 \mathrm{~N} / \mathrm{m}$ that is fastened to a wall. A second object, of mass $m_2=7.0 \mathrm{~kg}$, is slowly pushed up against $m_1$, compressing the spring by the amount $A=0.20 \mathrm{~m}$. The system is then released, causing both objects to start moving to the right on the frictionless surface. (b) How far apart are the objects when the spring is fully stretched for the first time?