Voltaire employs different types of humor in Candide. For each basic type listed, find two examples in the selection. $\cdot$ humor of language $\cdot$ humor of character $\cdot$ humor of situation

What feature of Elizabethan stagecraft do you think a modern audience would have the most difficulty accepting?

How does Candide become a soldier in the Bulgarian army?

Voltaire wrote Candide more than 230 years ago. In your opinion, how well has his satire held up? What value, if any, does Candide hold for someone growing up in today's world? Does Voltaire's underlying message against intolerance, cruelty, and smugness still apply? Explain your response.

How does Candide become a soldier in the Bulgarian regiment?

Why does the Baron throw Candide out of the castle?

How can individuals affect social conditions around the world? Consider the example of Mother Teresa when writing your answer.

The Industrial Revolution has been described as a mixed blessing. Do you agree or disagree? Support your answer with text references.

Use both texts to answer question. The pain of separation described in "A Valediction: Of Weeping" differs from that described in "Sonnet 97" in that it is- A. anticipated rather than experienced B. expected to last forever C. brought on by astonishing events D. emotional rather than analytical

Each of the following quotations from Gaskell's story contains a boldface word. Use a reference source to decide whether we owe each word mainly to advances in science or technology or to the influence of immigration. "'... he's gnawed the cold $\mathbf{mutton}$ in his nasty mouth...!'"

Write the preferred plural form of the following noun in the space provided. Use a dictionary if necessary.

court-martial ________________

Voltaire relies heavily on irony in Candide. Verbal irony occurs when a character says one thing but means something else, and situational irony occurs when a character expects one thing to happen but something else actually happens. For each example listed, determine what type of irony is employed and explain Voltaire's humorous intention. $\cdot$ lines 48-51 ("The Baron ... out of doors.") $\cdot$ lines 90-92 ("'You are now ... away to the regiment.") $\cdot$ lines 112-114 ("As they were preparing ... shoot him through the head.")

Examine the selected entries from Johnson's dictionary. Using a chart like the one shown, choose two or three words that have a substantially different meaning in our language today, and explain how their usage or meanings have changed. Considering these changes, what is the best use of Johnson's dictionary today?

$$\begin{array}{|c|c|c|} \hline \text{Word} & \text{Johnson's Definition} & \text{Definition Today}\\ \hline \text{ } & \text{ } & \text{ }\\ \hline \text{ } & \text{ } & \text{ }\\ \hline \end{array}$$

Analyze Irony To highlight his criticisms of Puritan society, Hawthorne uses verbal irony, where what is stated differs from what is really meant. In each of the following examples, explain what is ironic about the narrator's comments. What behavior, value, or belief is being criticized?

• Squire Saunders's insult to Mr. Hooper (lines 98-100)
• wild rumors (lines 125-129)
• the deputation's visit to the minister (lines 195-199)
• Mr. Hooper's new reputation (lines 295-297)