Water at 45$^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ enters a shower head through a circular tube with 15.8 mm inside diameter. The water leaves in 24 streams, each of 1.05 mm diameter. The volume flow rate is 5.67 L/min. Estimate the minimum water pressure needed at the inlet to the shower head. Evaluate the force needed to hold the shower head onto the end of the circular tube. Indicate whether this is a compression or a tension force.

Water flows at 10 L/min through a horizontal 15-mm-diameter tube. The pressure drop along a 20-m length of tube is 85 kPa. Calculate the head loss.

(a) Determine the power it takes to overcome aerodynamic drag on a small (6 $\mathrm{ft}^{2}$ cross section), streamlined $\left(C_{D}=0.12\right)$ vehicle traveling 15 mph. (b) Compare the power calculated in part (a) with that for a large (36 $\mathrm{ft}^{2}$ cross-sectional area),nonstreamlined $\left(C_{D}=0.48\right)$ SUV traveling 65 mph on the interstate.

A four-cylinder, the four-stroke internal combustion engine has a bore of $3.75$ in. and a stroke of $3.45$ in. The clearance volume is $17 \%$ of the cylinder volume at the bottom dead center and the crankshaft rotates at 2600 RPM. The processes within each cylinder are modeled as an air-standard Otto cycle with a pressure of $14.6\ \mathrm{lbf} / \mathrm{in}^2$ and a temperature of $60^{\circ} \mathrm{F}$ at the beginning of compression. The maximum temperature in the cycle is $5200^{\circ} \mathrm{R}$. Based on this model, estimate the net work per cycle, in Btu, and the power developed by the engine, in horsepower.

Write an interactive computer program to calculate the heat transfer rate and the value of temperature anywhere in the medium for steady one-dimensional heat conduction in a long cylindrical shell for any combination of specified temperature, specified heat flux, and convection boundary conditions. Run the program for five different sets of specified boundary conditions.