What are two purposes served by seed dormancy?

a. _______________________________
b. _______________________________

When sterns are used as scions, the process is called __________________

What are two environmental factors that can cause a seed to end dormancy and germinate?

a. _______________________________
b. _______________________________

The female gametophyte is produced by $__________$ in gymnosperms.

When a piece of stem or a lateral bud is cut from a parent plant and attached to another plant, what are the cut piece and the plant to which it is attached called? __________________

What ensures that pollen grains stay on the scales of a female cone? __________________

In the gymnosperm life cycle, how do the pollen grains reach the female cones? __________________

What is dormancy? __________________

Circle the letter of what a cutting must have to form roots when placed in a rooting mixture.
a. Several stolons $\hspace{1cm}$c. Buds containing rneristernatic tissue
b. A taproot $\hspace{1.7cm}$d. Buds without rneristernatic tissue

In gymnosperms, pollen grains form in __________________

Why might a horticulturist not want a plant to reproduce sexually by seeds? _________________

What adaptation does a coconut seed have that helps its dispersal? __________________

How long does the gymnosperm life cycle typically take to complete? __________________

The method of asexual reproduction used by many flowering plants is called __________________