What carved this U-shaped valley?

A. a rapidly downcutting river

B. a slowly downcutting river

C. wind

D. glacier

If all the ice on West Antarctica was melted, how much would it cause global sea level to rise? If you do not remember the approximate size of this rise, the volume of ice is $3,000,000 \mathrm{~km} 3$ and the surface area of the world's ocean is $361,000,000 \mathrm{~km} 2$.

A. less than 1 centimeter

B. 1 to 10 centimeters

C. 10 centimeters to 1 meter

D. 1 meter to 10 meters

E. more than 100 meters

(a) What is an interglacial period? (b) How frequently do warm interglacial periods occur? (c) Are we currently in an ice age or an interglacial period? (d) Has Earth spent more time in cold ice age periods or in mild interglacial periods over the past 400 000 years?

If it is given that $c^2-s^2=2$

simplify $\frac{\frac{2 s}{c}}{1-\frac{s^2}{c^2}}$

What is this bowl-shaped, glacially carved feature?

A. hanging valley

B. arete

c. cirque

D. continental ice sheet

Which of the numbered features is a lateral moraine

A. 1

B. 2

C. 3

D. 1 and 3

What do the curved ridges shown on this diagram record?

A. ancient shoreline from the Great Lakes

B. folds formed by a continental collision

C. large fissures that formed within glacier and filled with wind-blown dust

D. past positions of the front of a glacier as it retreated

Some rocks and minerals are not stable at the surface because they:

A. are exposed to water

B. formed in high-temperature environments

C. formed in high-pressure environments

D. are exposed to oxygen

E. all of these

What is the main reason why the oceans are salty?

A. the early oceans were salty because comets are dirty snowballs

B. salt deposits that formed early in Earth's history become dissolved by modern oceans

C. weathering of rocks releases chemical elements that make the oceans salty

D. blowing salt crystals become incorporated into clouds and falls with the rainfall

Atmospheric pressure is generally:

A. lower at lower altitude

B. lower at higher altitude

C. highest when the wind is blowing

D. lowest when the wind is blowing

Some rocks and minerals are not stable at the surface because they?

The amount of solar heating can increase from:

A. a decrease in sunspot activity and energy output from the Sun

B. a decrease in snow and ice cover on Earth's surface

C. a decrease in the amount of greenhouse gases

D. a huge volcanic eruption that adds ash and dust to the atmosphere

The most dangerous type of volcano is a:

A. scoria cone

B. scoria cone whose magmas are interacting with groundwater

C. huge shield volcano

D. composite volcano

Which feature on this diagram is a tarn?

A. 1, the circular depression at the head of the valley

B. 2, a lake in the upper valley

C. 3 , a steep ridge

D. 4, a valley that is above the level of the main valley