What chemical group (phosphate group, hydroxyl group, or a nitrogenous base) is found at the $3^{\prime}$ end of a DNA strand? What group is found at the $5^{\prime}$ end?

What are the building blocks of a nucleotide? With regard to the $5^{\prime}$ and $3^{\prime}$ positions on a sugar molecule, how are nucleotides linked together to form a strand of DNA?

The type of model building used by Pauling and Watson and Crick involved the use of ball-and-stick units. Now we can do model building on a computer screen. Even though you may not be familiar with this approach, discuss the potential advantages of using computers in molecular model building.

Which of the following is not a modification of a compound light microscope?

a. brightfield microscopy

b. darkfield microscopy

c. electron microscopy

d. phase-contrast microscopy

e. fluorescence microscopy

In the genetic cross

$$A a B b C c D d E E \times A a B B C c D d E e$$

where all the genes are on separate chromosomes, what fraction of the offspring will be heterozygous for all of these genes?

The anticodon of a particular tRNA molecule is

a. complementary to the corresponding mRNA codon.

b. complementary to the corresponding triplet in rRNA.

c. the part of tRNA that bonds to a specific amino acid.

d. catalytic, making the tRNA a ribozyme.

Which mutation is often caused by the addition or deletion of a single base pair? A. frame shift, B. missense, C. substitution, D. tandem repeat.

Which of the following is not a method of horizontal gene transfer?
a. binary fission
b. conjugation
c. integration of a transposon
d. transduction
e. transformation

Differentiate horizontal and vertical gene transfer.

Describe the movement of sodium and potassium ions during the resting potential.

______ion concentrations are high in the extracellular fluids, and ______ion concentrations are high in the cytoplasm. (a) Calcium, magnesium (b) Chloride, sodium (c) Potassium, sodium (d) Sodium, potassium

The plasma membrane is permeable to ______ but impermeable to ________

What is the difference between a nerve and a neuron?

As the minor and major grooves of the DNA wind around a DNA double helix, do they ever intersect each other, or do they always run parallel to each other?