What does a plant need that makes it necessary for seed germination to start with the emergence of a root rather than a shoot?

Scrap rates per thousand (parts whose defects cannot be reworked) are compared for 5 randomly selected days at three plants. Does the data show a significant difference in mean scrap rates?

Scrap Rate (Per Thousand Units)

$$\begin{array}{ccc} \hline \text { Plant } \boldsymbol{A} & \text { Plant B } & \text { Plant C } \\ \hline 11.4 & 11.1 & 10.2 \\ 12.5 & 14.1 & 9.5 \\ 10.1 & 16.8 & 9.0 \\ 13.8 & 13.2 & 13.3 \\ 13.7 & 14.6 & 5.9 \\ \hline \end{array}$$

In the California poppy, an allele for yellow flowers $(C)$ is dominant over an allele for white flowers (c). At an independently assorting locus, an allele for entire petals $(F)$ is dominant over an allele for fringed petals (f). A plant that is homozygous for yellow and entire petals is crossed with a plant that has white and fringed petals. A resulting $F_1$ plant is then crossed with a plant that has white and fringed petals, and the following progeny are produced: 54 yellow and entire; 58 yellow and fringed; 53 white and entire; and 10 white and fringed. a. Use a chi-square test to compare the observed numbers of progeny having each phenotype with those expected for the cross. b. What conclusion can you draw from the results of the chi-square test? c. Suggest an explanation for the results.

Assume you are the supervisor in a car assembly plant where each car produced needs one body and four wheels. You learn that the plant has 200 bodies and 900 wheels. How many cars can be made from this inventory? (How does this problem fit in with the law of definite proportions?)

Acrosonic of the earlier example also manufactures a model G loudspeaker system in plants I and II. The output at Plant I is at most 800 systems/month whereas the output at Plant II is at most $600 / \mathrm{month}$. These loudspeaker systems are also shipped to three warehouses- $A, B$, and $C$-whose minimum monthly requirements are 500,400 , and 400 , respectively. Shipping costs from Plant I to Warehouse $A$, Warehouse $B$, and Warehouse $C$ are $\$ 16, \$ 20$, and $\$ 22$ per system, respectively, and shipping costs from Plant II to each of these warehouses are $\$ 18, \$ 16$, and $\$ 14$ per system, respectively. What shipping schedule will enable Acrosonic to meet the warehouses' requirements and at the same time keep its shipping costs to a minimum?

The following questions are unrelated except that they all apply to plant assets and intangible assets:

1. The manager of Wallace Manufacturing regularly buys plant assets and debits the cost to Repairs and Maintenance Expenses. Why would she do that, since she knows this action violates GAAP?
2. The manager of Arbor Homes debits the cost of repairs and maintenance of plant assets to Plant and Equipment. Why would he do that, since he knows he is violating GAAP?
3. It has been suggested that because many intangible assets have no value except to the company that owns them, they should be valued at $1.00 or zero on the balance sheet. Many accountants disagree with this view. Which view do you support? Why?

Match the action with the plant hormone that produces it. Hormones may be used more than once.

$$\begin{matrix} \text{Action} & \text{Plant Hormone}\\ \text{Inhibits cell division} & \text{A. abscisic acid}\\ & \text{B. auxin}\\ & \text{C. cytokinins}\\ & \text{D. ethylene}\\ & \text{E. gibberellin}\\ \end{matrix}$$

A botanist has developed a new hybrid cotton plant that can withstand insects better than other cotton plants. However, there is some concern about the germination of seeds from the new plant. To estimate the probability that a seed from the new plant will germinate, a random sample of 3000 seeds was planted in warm, moist soil. Of these seeds, 2430 germinated. Either a seed germinates or it does not. What is the sample space in this problem? Do the probabilities assigned to the sample space add up to 1? Should they add up to 1? Explain.

Why does the plant cell need both a cell wall and a cell membrane?

It is proposed to build a $1000 \mathrm{MW}$ electric power plant with steam as the working fluid. The condensers are to be cooled with river water (see Fig.). The maximum steam temperature is $550^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$, and the pressure in the condensers will be $10 \mathrm{kPa}$. Estimate the temperature rise of the river downstream from the power plant.

A large refrigeration plant is to be maintained at $-15^{\circ} \mathrm{C},$ and it requires refrigeration at a rate of 100 kW. The condenser of the plant is to be cooled by liquid water, which experiences a temperature rise of $8^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ as it flows over the coils of the condenser. Assuming the plant operates on the ideal vapor-compression cycle using refrigerant-134a between the pressure limits of 120 and 700 kPa, determine (a) the mass flow rate of the refrigerant, (b ) the power input to the compressor, and (c) the mass flow rate of the cooling water.

Consider a steam power plant that operates on the ideal reheat Rankine cycle. The plant maintains the inlet of the high-pressure turbine at $600\ \mathrm{psia}$ and $600^{\circ} \mathrm{F}$, the inlet of the low-pressure turbine at $200\ \mathrm{psia}$ and $600^{\circ} \mathrm{F}$, and the condenser at $10\ \mathrm{psia}$. The net power produced by this plant is $5000 \mathrm{~kW}$. Is there any advantage to operating the reheat section of the boiler at $100\ \mathrm{psia}$ rather than $200$ psia while maintaining the same low-pressure turbine inlet temperature?

Define variables and write a system of equations for the situation. Solve using substitution. A farmer grows only sunflowers and flax on his 240-acre farm. This year he wants to plant 80 more acres of sunflowers than of flax. How many acres of each crop does the farmer need to plant?

Would you expect a plant to produce more oxygen on a sunny day or a cloudy day? Explain your answer.