What does it mean that social identity and privilege are socially constructed?

U.S. Steel is considering a plant expansion to produce austenitic, precipitation hardened, duplex, and martensitic stainless steel round bars that is expected to cost $13 million now and another$10 million 1 year from now. If total operating costs will be $1.2 million per year starting 1 year from now, and the estimated salvage value of the plant is virtually zero, how much must the company make annually in years 1 through 10 to recover its investment plus a return of 15% per year?

You have been asked to evaluate two alternatives, X and Y, that may increase plant capacity for manufacturing high-pressure hydraulic hoses. The parameters associated with each alternative have been estimated. Which one should be selected on the basis of a present worth comparison at an interest rate of 12% per year? Why is yours the correct choice?

$$\begin{array}{lcc} \text { Alternative } & \mathrm{X} & \mathrm{Y} \\ \hline \text { First cost, } \$ & -45,000 & -58,000 \\ \text { Maintenance cost, } \$ \text { /year } & -8,000 & -4,000 \\ \text { Salvage value, } \$ & 2,000 & 12,000 \\ \text { Life, years } & 5 & 5 \end{array}$$

An international textile company’s North America Division must decide which type of fabric cutting machines it will use—straight knife or round knife. The estimates are summarized below. Compare them on the basis of annual worths values at i = 10% per year using (a) factors, and (b) single-cell spreadsheet functions.

$$\begin{array}{lcc} & \text { Round Knife } & \text { Straight Knife } \\ \hline \hline \text { First cost, } \$ & -250,000 & -170,000 \\ \text { AOC, \$/year } & -31,000 & -35,000 \\ \text { Overhaul in year } 2, \$ & - & -26,000 \\ \text { Salvage value, } \$ & 40,000 & 10,000 \\ \text { Life, years } & 6 & 4 \\ \hline \end{array}$$

ABC Beverage, LLC purchases its 355-ml cans in large bulk from Wald-China Can Corporation. The finish on the anodized aluminum surface is produced by mechanical finishing technologies called brushing or bead blasting. Engineers at Wald are switching to more efficient, faster, and cheaper machines to supply ABC. Use the estimates and MARR = 8% per year to select between the two alternatives. Brush alternative: P = $−400,000; n = 10 years; S =$50,000; nonlabor AOC = $−60,000 in year 1, decreasing by$5000 annually starting in year 2. Bead blasting alternative: P = $−400,000; n is large, assume permanent; no salvage; nonlabor AOC =$−70,000 per year.

Humana Hospital Corporation installed a new MRI machine at a cost of $750,000 this year in its medical professional clinic in Cedar Park. This state-of-the-art system is expected to be used for 5 years and then sold for$75,000. Humana uses a return requirement of 24% per year for all of its medical diagnostic equipment. As a bioengineering student currently serving a coop semester on the management staff of Humana Corporation in Louisville, Kentucky, you are asked to determine the minimum revenue required each year to realize the expected recovery and return. Also, you are asked to draw two cash flow diagrams, one showing the MRI purchase and sale cash flow and a second depicting the required capital recovery each year.

Determine the capitalized cost of a permanent roadside historical marker that has a first cost of $78,000 and a maintenance cost of$3500 once every 5 years. Use an interest rate of 8% per year.

Parker Hannifin of Cleveland, Ohio manufactures CNG fuel dispensers. It needs replacement equipment to streamline one of its production lines for a new contract, but plans to sell the equipment at or before its expected life is reached at an estimated market value for used equipment. Select between the two options using the corporate MARR of 15% per year and a future worth analysis for the expected use period. Also, write the FV spreadsheet functions that will display the correct future worth values.

$$\begin{array}{lcc} \text { Option } & \mathrm{D} & \mathrm{E} \\ \hline \text { First cost, } \$ & -62,000 & -77,000 \\ \text { AOC, } \$ \text { per year } & -15,000 & -21,000 \\ \text { Expected market value, } \$ & 8,000 & 10,000 \\ \text { Expected use, years } & 3 & 6 \end{array}$$

NASA is considering two materials for use in a space vehicle tracking station in Australia. The estimates are shown below. Which should be selected on an economic basis of present worth values at an interest rate of 10% per year?

$$\begin{array}{lcc} \text { Material } & \mathrm{M} & \mathrm{FF} \\ \hline \text { First cost, } \$ & -205,000 & -235,000 \\ \text { Maintenance cost, \$/year } & -29,000 & -27,000 \\ \text { Salvage value, } \$ & 2,000 & 20,000 \\ \text { Life, years } & 2 & 4 \end{array}$$

A software package created by Navarro & Associates can be used for analyzing and designing three-sided guyed towers and three- and four-sided self-supporting towers. A single-user license will cost $4000 per year. A site license has a one-time cost of$15,000. A structural engineering consulting company is trying to decide between two alternatives: first, to buy one single-user license now and one each year for the next 4 years (which will provide 5 years of service), or second, to buy a site license now. Determine which strategy should be adopted at an interest rate of 12% per year for a 5-year planning period using present worth evaluation.

A new structural design software package is available for analyzing and designing three-sided guyed towers and three- and four-sided self-supporting towers. A single-user license will cost $6000 per year. A site license has a one-time cost of$22,000. A structural engineering consulting company is trying to decide between two alternatives: buy a single-user license now and one each year for the next 3 years (which will provide 4 years of service), or buy a site license now. Determine which strategy should be adopted at an interest rate of 10% per year for a 4-year planning period using the annual worth method of evaluation.

Use integer rules and other math facts to answer each question. What integer and -3 have the quotient of 9?

Let v be a fixed vector in $\mathbb{R}^{n}$ and define $S=\{\mathbf{u} | \mathbf{u} \cdot \mathbf{v}=0\}$. Show that S is a subspace of $\mathbb{R}^{n}$.

Forty-eight percent of all Californians registered voters prefer life in prison without parole over the death penalty for a person convicted of first degree murder. Among Latino California registered voters, 55% prefer life in prison without parole over the death penalty for a person convicted of first degree murder. 37.6% of all Californians are Latino. In this problem, let: C = Californians (registered voters) preferring life in prison without parole over the death penalty for a person convicted of first degree murder. L = Latino Californians. Suppose that one Californian is randomly selected. In words, what is L OR C?