What effect do you think Loyalists had on the outcome of the war? Explain your answer.

"And upon full and careful consideration ... Dred Scott was not a citizen of Missouri within the meaning of the Constitution of the United States and not entitled as such to sue in its courts ....

"Upon these considerations it is the opinion of the court that the act of Congress which prohibited a citizen from holding and owning property of this kind in the territory of the United States north of the line therein mentioned is not warranted by the Constitution and is therefore void ....

"That it is now firmly settled by the decisions of the highest court in the state that Scott and his family, upon their return, were not free, but were, by the laws of Missouri, the property of the defendant; and that the Circuit Court of the United States has no jurisdiction when by the laws of the state, the plaintiff was a slave and not a citizen."

-Roger B. Taney, Dred Scott v. Sandford, $1857$

Which of the following political groups had its efforts to find a compromise over slavery effectively ended by Taney's decision in the Dred Scott case?

(A) Whigs

(B) Free-Soil Party

(C ) Constitution Union Party

(D) Northern Democrats

"Mr. President ... I proposed on Tuesday last that the Senate should proceed to the consideration of the bill to organize the territories of Nebraska and Kansas . . . Now I ask the friends and the opponents of this measure to look at it as it is. Is not the question involved the simple one, whether the people of the territo­ ries shall be allowed to do as they please upon the question of slavery, subject only to the limitations of the Constitution? ...

"If the principle is right, let it be avowed and maintained. If it is wrong, let it be repudiated. Let all this quibbling about the Missouri Compromise, about the territory acquired from France, about the act of $1820$, be cast behind you; for the simple question is-Will you allow the people to legislate for them­ selves upon the subject of slavery? Why should you not?"

-Stephen A. Douglas, Defense of the Kansas-Nebraska Bill, $1854$

An increase in which of the following was the key part of the Kansas­- Nebraska Act to attract Southern support?

(A) Transportation in the South

(B) Popular sovereignty

(C ) Fugitive Slave Act

(D) Representation in Congress

Could the differences between Britain and the colonies have been resolved peacefully before 1775? Why or why not?

Generate Explanations

Explain the logic behind John Foster Dulles' concept of brinkmanship.

Why did many farmers become sharecroppers?

In what ways is the Constitution a flexible and unique political document?

Answer a, b, and c.

a) Explain how events in ONE of the following colonies support this statement: "Puritan intolerance of dissent led to the founding of a number of new colonies."

Hartford

Portsmouth

Providence

b) Identify an individual who played a leading role in founding one of these new colonies.

c) Briefly describe a basic idea held by the individual you identified in (b) who challenged Puritan principles.

Imagine that you have traveled from the East to visit a relative on her ranch in the West. Write a humorous dialogue comparing your lives. Consider: what the business goals of the ranches were, how life was organized on the ranches, who lived and worked on ranches

Compare and Contrast the foreign policies of Eisenhower and Truman.

In your own words, explain what Hoover meant when he said the 1932 presidential election was "a contest between two philosophies of government."

"Chronic wrongdoing, or an impotence which results in a general loosening of the ties of civilized society, may in America, as elsewhere, ultimately require intervention by some civilized nation, and in the Western Hemisphere the adherence of the United States to the Monroe Doctrine may force the United States, however reluctantly, in flagrant cases of such wrongdoing or impotence, to the exercise of international police power ...

"We would interfere with them only in the last resort, and then only if it became evident that their inability or unwillingness to do justice at home and abroad had violated the rights of the United States or has invited foreign aggression to the detriment of the entire body of American nations."

-Theodore Roosevelt, Speech to Congress, Dec. $6, 1904$

This excerpt most directly reflects the continuation of the policy that

(A) the United States should remain neutral and impartial in European conflicts

(B) the United States should exercise international police power

(C ) the independent nations of the Americas should remain free from European intervention

(D) the United States should civilize and educate other nations in the Americas

"We believe that God created both man and woman in His own image, and, therefore, we believe in one standard of purity for both men and women, and in equal rights of all to hold opinions and to express the same with equal freedom.

"We believe in a living wage; in an eight-hour day; in courts of conciliation and arbitration; in justice as opposed to greed of gain; in 'peace on earth and goodwill to men.'

"We therefore formulate and, for ourselves, adopt the following pledge, asking our sisters and brothers of a common danger and a common hope to make common cause with us in working its reason able and helpful precepts into the practice of everyday life:

"I hereby solemnly promise, God helping me, to abstain from all distilled, fermented, and malt liquors, including wine, beer, and cider, and to employ all proper means to discourage the use of and traffic in the same."

-National Woman's Christian Temperance Union, Annual Leaflet, $1902$

The above excerpt most directly reflects that the temperance movement

(A) started out as an unpopular women's fringe group

(B) appealed to a varied constituency of reformers

(C ) drew strong support from immigrant groups

(D) gained support by opposing the "liquor trust"

"Worst of any, however, were the fertilizer men, and those who served in the cooking rooms. These people could not be shown to the visitor- for the odor of a fertilizer man would scare any ordinary visitor at a hundred yards, and as for other men, who worked in tank rooms full of steam, their peculiar trouble was that they fell into the vats; and when they were fished out, there was never enough of them left to be worth exhibiting - sometimes they would be over­- looked for days, till all but the bones of them has gone out to the world as Durham's Pure Leaf Lard!"

-Upton Sinclair, The Jungle, $1906$

Which of the following most effectively addressed the concerns that Upton Sinclair and others had for industrial workers?

(A) State legislation that limited the hours and working conditions for women and children

(B) President Theodore Roosevelt's promise for an impartial set of rules, or "Square Deal," for labor

(C ) Legislation passed during the Wilson presidency to legalize the orga­- nization of labor unions

(D) The formation of the Socialist Party under the leadership of Eugene Debs