What evidence exists that supports the idea that the major organelles of eukaryotes were once Bacteria? (Section 2.21)

What types of cytoplasmic inclusions are formed by bacteria? How does an inclusion of poly-$\beta$-hydroxybutyric acid differ from a magnetosome in composition and metabolic role?

Cells of Escherichia coli take up lactose via lac permease, glucose via the phosphotransferase system, and maltose via an ABC-type transporter. For each of these sugars describe: (1) the components of the transport system and (2) the source of energy that drives the transport event. (Section 2.9)

Describe the structure and function of a bacterial flagellum. What is the energy source for the flagellum? How do bacterial flagella differ from archaella in size, composition, and power source?

In a few sentences, indicate how the bacterial endospore differs from the vegetative cell in structure, chemical composition, and ability to resist extreme environmental conditions.

What function(s) do polysaccharide layers outside the cell wall have in prokaryotic cells?

List several functions of the outer membrane in gram-negative Bacteria. What is the chemical composition of lipid A?

What cell wall polysaccharide common in Bacteria is absent from Archaea? What is unusual about S-layers compared to other cell walls? What types of cell walls are found in Archaea?

Describe in a single sentence the structure of a unit membrane. Describe the major structural differences between membranes of Bacteria and Archaea. How do solutes enter a cell through the membrane?

What are the major morphologies of prokaryotic cells? Draw cells for each morphology you list.

Why is the rigid layer of the bacterial cell wall called peptidoglycan? What are the structural reasons for the rigidity that is conferred on the cell wall by the peptidogly-can structure?

Compare and contrast the differences between seed and seedless plants.

What are bacterial colonies and how are they formed?

What cellular structures distinguish prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? What are some differences between a cell wall and a cell membrane? In what types of organisms would you expect to find these structures?