What factors affect growth on the fore-reef slope of a barrier reef? What adaptations do corals have to deal with these factors?

Which is a leading hypothesis that explains crown-of-thorns outbreaks? Why is it important to understand why these outbreaks occur?

What factors might account for the fact that the vast majority of atolls occur in the Indian and Pacific oceans and that atolls are rare in the Atlantic?

When corals expel zooxanthellae it is called

Identify the four main types of interactions among organisms in coral reef communities, giving an example of each.

The life history of kelps consists of a very large sporophyte and a tiny gametophyte. Sea lettuce and some other seaweeds, however, have a gametophyte that is as big as their sporophyte. Do you see any advantages for kelps having such an inconspicuous, puny gametophyte?