When a nucleus undergoes either $\beta^{-}$ or $\beta^{+}$ decay, what happens to the energy levels of the atomic electrons? What is likely to happen to these electrons following the decay?

Calculate the mass defect for the neon-20 nucleus. The mass of neon-20 is $19.992440 ~u$. (Hint: How many protons and neutrons does neon-20 have?)

Show that the magnetic dipole moment M of an electron orbiting the proton nucleus of a hydrogen atom is related to the orbital momentum $L$ of the electron by

$$M=\frac{e}{2 m} L.$$

The half-life of cobalt-60 is 10.47 min. How many milligrams of Co-60 remain after 104.7 min if you start with 10.0 mg of Co-60?

Suppose an organism usually has 24 chromosomes in its nucleus. How many chromatids would it have just after the $S$ phase of the cell cycle?

Calculate the nuclear binding energy of the nucleus ${ }_{11}^{23} \mathrm{Na}$. The measured atomic mass of $\frac{23}{11} \mathrm{Na}$ is $22.989767$ amu.

A nucleus of 4 neutrons and 4 protons that is surrounded by 2 orbiting electrons is

(a) a positive ion.

(b) a negative ion.

(c ) an alpha particle

(d) a beta particle

Near the surface of the nucleus of a lead atom, the electric field has a strength of $3.4 \times 10^{21} \mathrm{~V} / \mathrm{m}$. What is the energy density in this field?

An example of a "pick-up" nuclear reaction is $_{2}^{3} \mathrm{He}+ _{6}^{12} \mathrm{C} \rightarrow \mathrm{X}+\alpha .$ What is the resulting nucleus?

The two ions $K^+}and $Ca^{2+}$ each have 18 electrons surrounding the nucleus. Which would you expect to have the smaller radius? Why?

Give the number of protons and number of neutrons in the nucleus of each the following: (16.1) a. sodium-25 b. nickel-61 c. rubidium- 84 d. silver-110

Give the number of protons and number of neutrons in the nucleus of each of the following: (16.1) a. boron-10 b. zinc-72 c. iron- 59 d. gold-198

How many protons and how many neutrons are there in a nucleus of
(a) neon, $76 \mathrm{Ne}$
(b) zinc, 557 ( $\mathrm{Z}$
(c) silver, ${ }^{10} \mathrm{Ag}$.

Positive and negative charges are attracted to one another. Which of the following are attracted to a negative charge: an electron, a proton, a neutron, a nucleus, an atom? Explain your thinking.