When a particle doubles its speed from $0.45 c$ to $0.90 c$, the relativistic energy will increase by more than a factor of four.

The chemical energy released by $1.00 \mathrm{~kg}$ of the explosive TNT equals about $4.20 \times 10^6$ J. Determine the rest mass, when converted, that produces a rest energy identical to the amount of energy released by TNT.

Why do people not observe time dilation in their daily experiences? (a) Time dilation only occurs on railroad cars, not in automobiles. (b) People need to be travelling backward for time dilation to activate. (c) Typical terrestrial speeds are much too low to notice the effects of time dilation. (d) Typical terrestrial speeds are much too high to notice the effects of time dilation.

A person is in a railway car without any windows. What test can the person perform to determine whether the car is at rest or is moving at constant velocity? (a) toss a ball horizontally (b) drop a ball vertically (c) let two masses collide on the floor (d) There is no experiment the person can do to determine whether the car is at rest or moving at constant velocity.

Consider the properties of inertial and non-inertial frames of reference. (a) How does an inertial frame of reference differ from a non-inertial frame of reference? (b) Give two examples of each type of frame of reference.

A process takes place in a given amount of time. (a) Does the process seem to take longer for an observer moving relative to the process, or for an observer at rest with respect to the process? (b) Which observer measures the proper time of the process?

The mass of a particle travelling at nearly the speed of light increases beyond its rest mass.

Einstein originally wanted to call his model "the special theory of reference frames.

As an object moves at a speed close to the speed of light, length measured in the direction of the speed contracts.

Only electrons can be accelerated to speeds faster than the speed of light.

Calculations using global positioning satellites need to account for relativistic effects, such as time dilation.

The equation for time dilation predicts that to bring about relativistic effects, objects must be moving faster than the speed of light.

Given a stationary observer and an observer who is moving near the speed of light, time will pass slower for the stationary observer.

For any process, the dilated time will always be less than the proper time.