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Where on the ribosome do tRNAs bind, and what is the energy source that supports translocation?

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On each ribosome, three sites differ - acceptor (A), peptide (P), and exit (E).

The incoming charged tRNA firstly binds to the acceptor\textbf{acceptor} site on the ribosome. The elongation factor EF-Tu assists the loading of the tRNA to the acceptor site together with the energy from the energy-rich compound guanosine triphosphate (GTP).

Simultaneously, the growing polypeptide chain is attached to the tRNA at the P site. This chain moves to the tRNA at the A site during the peptide bond formation. This process requires elongation factors EF-Tu and EF-Ts, and more GTP.

Once elongation is completed, tRNA, which holds the polypeptide chain, will be translocated from the A to the P site. For this process, elongation factor EF-G and more GTP are required.

When this translocation is completed, A site will be free to accept new charged tRNA, while the outgoing tRNA will be released through the E site.

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