Which of the following constitutes both a breach of confidentiality (the research data has been disclosed, counter to the agreement between researcher and subjects) and a violation of subjects' privacy (the right of the individuals to be protected against intrusion into their personal lives or affairs)?

A. A faculty member makes identifiable data about sexual behavior available to graduate students, although the subjects were assured that the data would be de-identified.

B. A researcher, who is a guest, audio-records conversations at a series of private dinner parties to assess gender roles, without informing participants.

C. A researcher asks cocaine users to provide names and contact information of other cocaine users who might qualify for a study.

D. In order to eliminate the effect of observation on behavior, a researcher attends a support group and records interactions without informing the attendees.

When a focus group deals with a potentially sensitive topic, which of the following statements about providing confidentiality to focus group participants is correct?

A. The researcher cannot control what participants repeat about others outside the group.

B. Using pseudonyms in reports removes the concern about any confidences shared in the group.

C. If group members know each other, confidentiality is not an issue.

D. If group participants sign confidentiality agreements, the researcher can guarantee confidentiality.

A general requirement for informed consent is that no informed consent may include any exculpatory language. Exculpatory language is that which waives or appears to waive any of the subject's legal rights or releases or appears to release those conducting the research from liability for negligence. Which statement in a consent form is an example of exculpatory language?

Risk of harm in social and behavioral sciences generally fall in three categories, which are:

A. Breach of confidentiality, loss of autonomy, and study procedures

B. Study procedures, breach of confidentiality, and loss of employment

C. Invasion of privacy, adverse reaction to study drug, and discrimination

D. Invasion of privacy, breach of confidentiality, and study procedures

A researcher conducting behavioral research collects individually identifiable sensitive information about illicit drug use and other illegal behaviors by surveying college students. One of the subjects is in an automobile accident two weeks after participating in the research study. Is this an example of an unanticipated problem that requires reporting to the IRB?

Additional protections researchers can include in their practice to protect subject privacy and data confidentiality include:
a. Reporting data in aggregate form in publications resulting from the research.
b. Destroying all identifiers connected to the data.
c. Keeping the key linking names to responses in a secure location.
d. Requiring all members of the research team to sign confidentiality agreements.
e. All of the above

In this exercise, suggest a method that might be used to collect data for the study stated below. Tell whether your method uses a population or a sample.

Heights of children entering kindergarten

A waiver of the requirement for documentation of informed consent may be granted when?

Continuing review of an approved and ongoing study posing more than minimal risk that was initially approved by a convened IRB:

Identify the example of when situation and time are key to assessing risk of harm in a research study:

When can a waiver of the requirement for documentation of informed consent be granted?

What statement about risks in social and behavioral sciences research is most accurate:

A. Anonymizing data effectively manages the risk of creating emotional distress.

B. Risks are specific to time, situation, and culture.

C. If a study offers potential benefits, it is not necessary to minimize risks.

D. There are never any risks.

What is a general requirement for the informed consent form?

Which scenario best describes a researcher making thoughtful considerations in the design of their informed consent process on an online study?

A) The researcher will ask for a waiver to document informed consent because participation in the study is limited to non-playable characters (NPCs) or avatars designed and controlled by artificial intelligence.

B) The researcher will ask for a waiver of informed consent because the prevalence of bots completing online studies means there is no certain way to secure informed consent form actual research participants.

C) The researcher will ask for a waiver to document informed consent and instead will have a live button that reads, "If you agree to be in this study click below to begin."

D) The researcher will ask for a waiver of informed consent because prospective participants are individuals registered in an on-line panels, thus they have already given their consent to be a research participant.