Which of the following provides clues about the size and structure of once-living organisms?

$$\textbf{\ \ a.}\text{ fossils}$$

$$\textbf{\ \ b.}\text{ DNA and proteins from the organisms}$$

$$\textbf{\ \ c.}\text{ vestigial structures}$$

$$\textbf{\ \ d.}\text{ development of embryos}$$

Tell how the forelimbs of a bat, a whale, a cat, and a human contribute evidence to support the hypothesis that these mammals evolved from a common ancestor.

How do Lyell's ideas about geology and evidence from the fossil record reinforce each other as ideas about the age of Earth?

Describe how the ideas of Lamarck and Darwin are similar and how they differ.

Analyzing Data: A population containing striped and unstriped snails has recently moved into a new region. Birds break the snails open by dropping them onto rocks. The birds eat the bodies of the snails and leave the shells. In one area, researchers counted both live snails and broken shells. The data are summarized below.

a.Based on the data, tell which form of snail (striped or unstriped) is more likely to be caught by the birds for food. Explain.
b. Suggest a hypothesis to explain what is happening to the snails.
c. Predict how the frequencies of striped and unstriped individuals in the population might change over the generations.

How does natural selection lead to adaptation?

What is microevolution?

Describe what can happen to a gene pool as a result of the bottleneck effect.

How are pesticide-resistant insects an example of natural selection?

How did the work of Lyell and Malthus influence Darwin as he developed his theory of evolution?

In Darwin's view, what conditions lead to a struggle for existence among individuals in a population?

What is a gene pool?

Which of the following is an incorrect match?

$$\textbf{\ \ a.}\text{ Lyell-suggested physical changes to Earth result from geologic processes occurring over long periods of time.}$$

$$\textbf{\ \ b.}\text{ Lamarck-proposed that organisms adapt to their environment.}$$

$$\textbf{\ \ c.}\text{ Darwin-developed the theory of natural selection as a mechanism of change in species}$$

$$\textbf{\ \ d.}\text{ Malthus-thought that characteristics acquired during an organism's lifetime can be passed on to the next generation.}$$

Why are older fossils generally in deeper rock layers than younger fossils?