Which of the following cognitive abilities is possible only at the formal operational stage? a. Reversing arithmetic operations. b. Using a theory of mind to predict the behavior of others. c. Using hypothetical situations as the basis of moral reasoning. d. Using symbolic thinking for pretend play. e. Understanding basic physics to recognize impossible situations.

Vygotsky called the space between what a child could learn with and without help the a. theory of mind. b. zone of abstract logic. c. zone of abstract reasoning. d. zone of proximal development. e. zone of developmental readiness.

If you showed a 2- year-old a model of her bedroom where you'd hidden a toy behind the bed, she would a. understand that the model represented her room, but not be able to find the toy in her own room b. exhibit schematic thinking and be able to explain the study back to you. c. be unable to find the toy in her room due to a lack of symbolic thinking. d. understand that the model represented her room, and be able to find the toy in her own room. e. misunderstand the instructions due to her lack of theory of mind.

As telomeres shorten, aging cells may die without being replaced, with perfect, genetic replicas. This process is showed by a. smoking. b. obesity. c. stress. d. aging. e. exercise.

According to Erikson, the primary developmental task for adolescents is to develop a sense of a. trust. b. initiative. c. competence. d. identity. e. intimacy.

Which of Jean Piaget’s stages describes typical adolescent thinking? a. Sensorimotor. b. Preoperational. c. Concrete operational. d. Formal operational. e. Accommodation.

Which of the following is the longest prenatal stage? a. Teratogen. b. Conception. c. Zygote. d. Embryo. e. Fetus.

Infantile amnesia best explains why a. Justina, age 25, cannot remember hearing Japanese when she was 10. b. Ella, age 10, has no memories of her third birthday party c. Karla, age 3, can't understand why her new brother is crying d. Becka, age 2, is unable to remember where she left her doll. e. Hannah, age 6, can't remember the gymnastics routine she just learned.

Which of the following identifies the parenting style most likely to ground a teen who had missed a curfew-and to explain the rationale for doing so, after considering the teen’s reasons? a. Authoritative. b. Authoritarian. c. Permissive. d. Secure attachment. e. Insecure attachment.

What is the primary means by which parents influence the behavior of their children? a. Parenting style. b. Genetic contributions. c. Prenatal environment. d. Teaching cooperation. e. Rewarding achievement.

An 18-month-old typically recognizes herself in a mirror. This self-awareness contributes to a. self-assurance. b. self-concept. c. self-esteem. d. self-actualization. e. self-determination.

Studies done by Harry and Margaret Harlow found that a. nutrition was the most important factor in attachment. b. contact comfort was the most important factor in attachment. c. the surrogate mother's appearance was the most important attachment factor. d. monkeys were equally likely to become attached to either surrogate mother. e. the monkeys didn't form attachments to the surrogate mothers.

According to research done by Erik Erikson and Joan Erikson, children who are securely attached are also likely to be a. parented by authoritarian parents. b. developing a sense of basic trust. c. raised in a neglectful environment. d. showing less stranger anxiety. e. able to think in an abstract manner.

Compared with rats raised in an enriched environment, which of the following is true of rats raised in isolation? a. Their brain cortex is less developed. b. Though neurologically similar, they fear other rats. c. Their brains have more connections. d. They have a thicker brain cortex. e. The differences between the two groups are not statistically significant.